Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in infertile women and men undergoing in vitro fertilization treatment
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in infertile women and men undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. METHODS: Participants were 1090 consecutive women and men, 545 couples, attending a fertility clinic in Sweden during a two-year period. The Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD), based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edn (DSM-IV), was used as the diagnostic tool for evaluating mood and anxiety disorders. RESULTS: Overall, 862 (79.1%) subjects filled in the PRIME-MD patient questionnaire. Any psychiatric diagnosis was present in 30.8% of females and in 10.2% of males in the study sample. Any mood disorder was present in 26.2% of females and 9.2% of males. Major depression was the most common mood disorder, prevalent in 10.9% of females and 5.1% of males. Any anxiety disorder was encountered in 14.8% of females and 4.9% males. Only 21% of the subjects with a psychiatric disorder according to DSM-IV received some form of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Mood disorders are common in both women and men undergoing IVF treatment. The majority of subjects with a psychiatric disorder were undiagnosed and untreated.
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An estimated 30-40% of women attending infertility tertiary care facilities experience clinically significant depression and anxiety.
“An estimated 30%–40% of women attending infertility tertiary care facilities experience clinically significant depression and anxiety.”
From Infertility-related distress and clinical targets for psychotherapy: A qualitative study (2021) · cites this paper as [10]
The Discussion reports that approximately 30% of women undergoing IVF met criteria for a depressive and/or anxiety disorder, including subthreshold diagnoses. It does not establish a 30%–40% rate of clinically significant depression and anxiety across women attending tertiary infertility facilities; its study population was women undergoing IVF, and the reported figure includes subthreshold disorders. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredOne-third of women undergoing medically assisted reproduction meet criteria for an anxiety disorder or major depressive disorder.
“One-third of women undergoing medically assisted reproduction meet criteria for an anxiety disorder or major depressive disorder [6, 7].”
From Acceptance and commitment therapy adapted for women with infertility: a pilot study of the Infertility ACTion program. (2024) · cites this paper as [7]
The Discussion reports that approximately 30% of women undergoing IVF met criteria for a depressive and/or anxiety disorder, but explicitly includes subthreshold diagnoses. Table III (page not available) reports major depressive disorder in 10.9% and any anxiety disorder in 14.8%; the roughly one-third figure therefore does not describe women meeting criteria specifically for anxiety disorder or major depressive disorder. (LLM, conf=0.92)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPeople with infertility who are undergoing treatment show a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms compared to control groups.
“people with infertility who are undergoing treatment show a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms compared to control groups (Chen, Chang, Tsai, & Juang, 2004; Volgsten, Skoog, Ekselius, Lundkvist, & Sundstrom, 2008; Williams, Marsh, & Rasgon, 2007).”
From Infertility-related stress and depressive symptoms – the role of experiential avoidance: a cross-sectional study. (2020) · cites this paper as Volgsten, Skoog, Ekselius, Lundkvist, & Sundstrom, 2008
The Introduction reports that depressive symptoms in infertile women were twice as common as in a control group. The Discussion also says depressive disorders in women and men undergoing IVF were more common than in the general population. But the paper’s comparison for both sexes concerns diagnosed disorders, not depressive symptoms measured against control groups; it also finds no higher rate than among gynaecological outpatients. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredHigh rate of clinical depression is seen among women struggling with infertility.
“This finding is consistent with the high rate of clinical depression seen among women struggling with infertility.7 9 10”
From Infertility-related distress and clinical targets for psychotherapy: A qualitative study (2021) · cites this paper as [10]
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References 35 · Cited by 303
- Authors
- Volgsten, H., Skoog Svanberg, A., Ekselius, L., Lundkvist, O., & Sundstrom Poromaa, I.
- Affiliations
- Uppsala University Hospital (SE)
- Uppsala University (SE)
- Venue
- Human Reproduction
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2008-06-20
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 2056-2063
- ISSN
- 0268-1161 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2350
- PMC
- PMC2517152
- OpenAlex
- W2100217710
- Cited by
- 303
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 13.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Human Reproduction (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Forskningsrådet för Arbetsliv och Socialvetenskap
- Vetenskapsrådet
- Uppsala Universitet
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Reproductive Health and Technologies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- mental illness, infertility, in vitro fertilization, mood disorders, major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, prevalence, psychiatric treatment, PRIME-MD, couples
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Mental Disorders, Female, Fertilization in Vitro, Humans, Infertility, Female, Infertility, Male, Male, Sweden, Prevalence
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