Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 306

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 18 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Seasonality, Timing, and Climate Drivers of Influenza Activity Worldwide

Open access
Azziz Baumgartner, Eduardo, Dao, Christine N., Nasreen, Sharifa, Bhuiyan, Mejbah Uddin, Mah-E-Muneer, Syeda, Mamun, Abdullah Al, Sharker, M. A. Yushuf, Zaman, Rashid Uz, Cheng, Po-Yung, Klimov, Alexander I., Widdowson, Marc-Alain, Uyeki, Timothy M., Luby, Stephen P., Mounts, Anthony, Bresee, Joseph·2012·The Journal of Infectious Diseases

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Although influenza is a vaccine-preventable disease that annually causes substantial disease burden, data on virus activity in tropical countries are limited. We analyzed publicly available influenza data to better understand the global circulation of influenza viruses. METHOD: We reviewed open-source, laboratory-confirmed influenza surveillance data. For each country, we abstracted data on the percentage of samples testing positive for influenza each epidemiologic week from the annual number of samples testing positive for influenza. The start of influenza season was defined as the first week when the proportion of samples that tested positive remained above the annual mean. We assessed the relationship between percentage of samples testing positive and mean monthly temperature with use of regression models. FINDINGS: We identified data on laboratory-confirmed influenza virus infection from 85 countries. More than one influenza epidemic period per year was more common in tropical countries (41%) than in temperate countries (15%). Year-round activity (ie, influenza virus identified each week having ≥ 10 specimens submitted) occurred in 3 (7%) of 43 temperate, 1 (17%) of 6 subtropical, and 11 (37%) of 30 tropical countries with available data (P = .006). Percentage positivity was associated with low temperature (P = .001). INTERPRETATION: Annual influenza epidemics occur in consistent temporal patterns depending on climate.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1093/infdis/jis467

Cites

18 of 18 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 18 references

Cited by

See all 306

Metadata

Authors
Azziz Baumgartner, E., Dao, C. N., Nasreen, S., Bhuiyan, M. U., Mah-E-Muneer, S., Mamun, A. A., Sharker, M. A. Y., Zaman, R. U., Cheng, P.-Y., Klimov, A. I., Widdowson, M.-A., Uyeki, T. M., Luby, S. P., Mounts, A., & Bresee, J.
Venue
The Journal of Infectious Diseases
Published
2012-07-24
Volume
206
Issue
6
Pages
838-846
ISSN
  • 0022-1899 (ISSN-L)
  • 1537-6613
OpenAlex
W2154499546
Cited by
306
References
18
FWCI
10.99
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Seasonality, Timing, and Climate Drivers of Influenza Activity Worldwide. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/infdis/jis467
The paper
Azziz Baumgartner, E., Dao, C. N., Nasreen, S., Bhuiyan, M. U., Mah-E-Muneer, S., Mamun, A. A., Sharker, M. A. Y., Zaman, R. U., Cheng, P.-Y., Klimov, A. I., Widdowson, M.-A., Uyeki, T. M., Luby, S. P., Mounts, A., & Bresee, J. (2012). Seasonality, Timing, and Climate Drivers of Influenza Activity Worldwide. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jis467

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.