Th17 cells: from precursors to players in inflammation and infection
Open accessAbstract
Upon activation, naive CD4(+) T cells differentiate into different lineages of effector T(h) subsets. Each subset is characterized by its unique cytokine profile and biological functions. T(h)17, a newly described T(h) subset that produces IL-17, IL-17F and IL-22 in preference to other cytokines, has been shown to play an important role in clearing specific pathogens and in inducing autoimmune tissue inflammations. Over the last 2-3 years, significant progress has been made to understand the development and biological functions of T(h)17 subset. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF) together with IL-6 or IL-21 initiates the differentiation while IL-23 stabilizes the generation of T(h)17 cells. The transcription factors of T(h)17 cells [retinoid-related orphan receptor (ROR) gammat, ROR-alpha and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3] have been described recently. Since TGF-beta is essential for the generation of both T(h)17 and regulatory T (T(reg)) cells from naive T cells, which suggests a developmental link between T(h)17 and T(reg) cells. Functions of these two subsets of T cells are, however, opposite to each other; T(h)17 cells are highly pathogenic during the inflammatory process while T(reg) cells are crucial for inhibiting tissue inflammation and maintaining self-tolerance. Here, we review the recent information on differentiation and effector functions of T(h)17 cells during inflammatory conditions.
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Not all TH17 cells are pathogenic.
“Not all TH17 cells are pathogenic though (Awasthi and Kuchroo, 2009)”
From Distinct characteristics of hippocampal pathogenic th17 cells in a mouse model of depression (2018) · cites this paper as Awasthi and Kuchroo, 2009
TH17 cells have been proposed to exist in 3 lineages: CCR6-dependent effector cells, memory cells, or IL-23R- and CXCR5-dependent follicular TH17 cells.
“TH17 cells have been proposed to exist in 3 lineages: CCR6-dependent effector cells, memory cells, or IL-23R- and CXCR5-dependent follicular TH17 cells (Awasthi and Kuchroo, 2009; Sundrud and Trivigno, 2013).”
From Distinct characteristics of hippocampal pathogenic th17 cells in a mouse model of depression (2018) · cites this paper as Awasthi and Kuchroo, 2009
The Introduction and Concluding remarks describe Th17 as an effector T-helper subset, while 'Interplay between induced Treg and Th17 cells' discusses IL-23R expression in activated effector or memory T cells. Our copy does not propose three Th17 lineages or identify CCR6-dependent effector cells and IL-23R/CXCR5-dependent follicular Th17 cells as those lineages (searched: the three-lineage description, CCR6, CXCR5, and follicular Th17). (LLM, conf=0.75)
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“Additionally, a number of studies have suggested IL-6 has an important role in autoimmune diseases (Hirano, 1998, 2010; O’Shea et al., 2002; Sakaguchi and Sakaguchi, 2005; Awasthi and Kuchroo, 2009).”
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- Authors
- Awasthi, A., & Kuchroo, V. K.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Venue
- International Immunology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2009-03-04
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 489-498
- ISSN
- 0953-8178 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2377
- PMC
- PMC2675030
- OpenAlex
- W2118773711
- Cited by
- 241
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 2.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- International Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI044880, P01AI039671)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (P01 NS38037, R01NS046414, P01NS038037, R37NS030843, R01NS035685, R01NS045937)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › IL-33, ST2, and ILC Pathways
- Keywords
- Th17 cells, IL-17, IL-17F, IL-22, T cell differentiation, TGF-beta, interleukin-6, IL-21, IL-23, RORγ, RORα, STAT3, regulatory T cells, autoimmune inflammation, infection immunity, self-tolerance, naive CD4+ T cells
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Differentiation, T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer, Humans, Infections, Inflammation, Transcription Factors, Autoimmunity, T-Lymphocyte Subsets, Cytokines, Transforming Growth Factor beta, Interleukin-17, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory
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