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Cited by 96Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase SignalingImmunodeficiency and Autoimmune DisordersT-cell and B-cell Immunology

DOCK family proteins: key players in immune surveillance mechanisms

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Kunimura, Kazufumi, Uruno, Takehito, Fukui, Yoshinori·2020·International Immunology
DOI 10.1093/intimm/dxz067PMC PMC6949370
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Abstract

Dedicator of cytokinesis (DOCK) proteins constitute a family of evolutionarily conserved guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for the Rho family of GTPases. Although DOCK family proteins do not contain the Dbl homology domain typically found in other GEFs, they mediate the GTP-GDP exchange reaction through the DOCK homology region-2 (DHR-2) domain. In mammals, this family consists of 11 members, each of which has unique functions depending on the expression pattern and the substrate specificity. For example, DOCK2 is a Rac activator critical for migration and activation of leukocytes, whereas DOCK8 is a Cdc42-specific GEF that regulates interstitial migration of dendritic cells. Identification of DOCK2 and DOCK8 as causative genes for severe combined immunodeficiency syndromes in humans has highlighted their roles in immune surveillance. In addition, the recent discovery of a naturally occurring DOCK2-inhibitory metabolite has uncovered an unexpected mechanism of tissue-specific immune evasion. On the other hand, GEF-independent functions have been shown for DOCK8 in antigen-induced IL-31 production in helper T cells. This review summarizes multifaced functions of DOCK family proteins in the immune system.

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  • Patients with large deletions in the DOCK8 gene have increased susceptibility to pathogenic infections and exhibit allergic diseases.

    “In line with this, patients with large deletions in the DOCK8 gene experience increased susceptibility to pathogenic infections yet also exhibit allergic diseases, leading to great interest surrounding DOCK8 in the field of immunology, which has recently been reviewed in great detail (50, 115, 116).”

    From RHO to the DOCK for GDP disembarking: Structural insights into the DOCK GTPase nucleotide exchange factors (2021) · cites this paper as [50]

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Authors
Kunimura, K., Uruno, T., & Fukui, Y.
Affiliations
Kyushu University (JP)
Corresponding author
Fukui, Yoshinori
ORCID
Venue
International Immunology
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2019-10-21
Volume
32
Issue
1
Pages
5-15
ISSN
  • 0953-8178 (ISSN-L)
  • 1460-2377
DOI
10.1093/intimm/dxz067
PMC
PMC6949370
OpenAlex
W2980888041
Cited by
96
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 6
FWCI
0.84
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • International Immunology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP19gm0010001, JP19gm1310005, JP19ek0410064)
  • Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (19H00983)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
Keywords
guanine nucleotide exchange factor, Rho GTPases, DOCK2, DOCK8, Rac activation, Cdc42, leukocyte migration, dendritic cell migration, severe combined immunodeficiency, IL-31, T helper cells, immune surveillance
MeSH terms
Animals, Humans, Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors, GTPase-Activating Proteins, Mice

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