The DOI matches its Crossref record; 11 of the 11 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The advantages and disadvantages of process-based measures of health care quality
Abstract
As consumers, payers, and regulatory agencies require evidence regarding health care qualities the demand for process of care measures will grow. Although outcome measures of quality represent the desired end results of health care, validated process of care measures provide an important additional element to quality improvement efforts, as they illuminate exactly which provider actions could be changed to improve patient outcomes. In this essay, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of process measures of quality, and outline some practical strategies and issues in implementing them.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Improving the Outcomes of Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery in New York State
Hannan, E. L. (1994) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1994.03510340051033 · Cited by 756
Pronovost, P. J. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.281.14.1310 · Cited by 688
Report Cards on Cardiac Surgeons — Assessing New York State's Approach
Green, J., & Wintfeld, N. (1995) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199505043321812 · Cited by 386
A Strategy for Quality Assurance in Medicare
Lohr, K. N., & Schroeder, S. A. (1990) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199003083221031 · Cited by 345
Clermont, G., Angus, D. C., DiRusso, S. M., Griffin, M., & Linde-Zwirble, W. T. (2001) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-200102000-00012 · Cited by 165
Hospital Leaders' Opinions of the HCFA Mortality Data
Berwick, D. M. (1990) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1990.03440020081037 · Cited by 136
Palmer, R. H. (1997) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-127-8_part_2-199710151-00059 · Cited by 111
Choosing and Evaluating Clinical Performance Measures
McGlynn, E. A. (1998) · The Joint Commission Journal on Quality Improvement · doi:10.1016/s1070-3241(16)30396-0 · Cited by 109
Pronovost, P. J., Jenckes, M. W., Dorman, T., et al. (2000) · Survey of Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00132586-200006000-00015 · Cited by 51
Angus, D. C., Clermont, G., Kramer, D. J., Linde‐Zwirble, W. T., & Pinsky, M. R. (2000) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-200001000-00025 · Cited by 50
Cited by
Defining and classifying clinical indicators for quality improvement
Mainz, J. (2003) · International Journal for Quality in Health Care · doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzg081 · Cited by 1,161
Ezekowitz, J. A., O'Meara, E., McDonald, M. A., Abrams, H., Chan, M., Ducharme, A., Giannetti, N., Grzeslo, A., Hamilton, P. G., Heckman, G. A., et al. (2017) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2017.08.022 · Cited by 676
Developing evidence-based clinical indicators: a state of the art methods primer
Mainz, J. (2003) · International Journal for Quality in Health Care · doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzg084 · Cited by 306
Do Electronic Health Records Affect Quality of Care? Evidence from the HITECH Act
Lin, Y.-K., Lin, M., & Chen, H. (2019) · Information Systems Research · doi:10.1287/isre.2018.0813 · Cited by 101
Metadata
- Authors
- Rubin, H. R.
- Venue
- International Journal for Quality in Health Care
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2001-12-01
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 469-474
- ISSN
- 1353-4505 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-3677
- OpenAlex
- W2099977650
- Cited by
- 375
- References
- 11
- FWCI
- 15.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The advantages and disadvantages of process-based measures of health care quality. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/intqhc/13.6.469
- The paper
- Rubin, H. R. (2001). The advantages and disadvantages of process-based measures of health care quality. International Journal for Quality in Health Care. https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/13.6.469
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
