The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
CTX-M: changing the face of ESBLs in Europe
Abstract
Since around 2000 - earlier in Poland and Spain and later in France and the UK - dramatic shifts have occurred in the prevalence and types of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in Europe. Before this watershed, most producers were nosocomial isolates, often Klebsiella spp. or Enterobacter spp. from specialist care units, and had mutant TEM or SHV ESBLs. Subsequently, CTX-M ESBLs have become dominant, with much greater penetration into Escherichia coli, and with many infections in 'complicated community' patients, usually with underlying disease, recent antibiotic usage, or healthcare contact. The degree of clonality among producers varies with the country, as does the enzyme type produced, with group 9 (CTX-M-9 and -14) enzymes dominant in Spain and group 1 enzymes (particularly CTX-M-3 and -15) dominant elsewhere. Irrespective of the particular enzyme, most producers are multiresistant. These changing patterns present major therapeutic and infection control challenges, with the public health intervention points unclear.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Eckert, C., Gautier, V., Saladin-Allard, M., Hidri, N., Verdet, C., Ould-Hocine, Z., Barnaud, G., Delisle, F., Rossier, A., Lambert, T., et al. (2004) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.48.4.1249-1255.2004 · Cited by 278
Self-citation
Cited by
Origins and evolution of antibiotic resistance
Davies, J., & Davies, D. (2010) · Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews · doi:10.1128/mmbr.00016-10 · Cited by 5,784
Kumarasamy, K. K., Toleman, M. A., Walsh, T. R., Bagaria, J., Butt, F., Balakrishnan, R., Chaudhary, U., Doumith, M., Giske, C. G., Irfan, S., et al. (2010) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(10)70143-2 · Cited by 2,922
Self-citationEpidemiology of β-Lactamase-Producing Pathogens
Bush, K., & Bradford, P. A. (2020) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00047-19 · Cited by 938
The changing epidemiology of resistance
Hawkey, P. M., & Jones, A. M. (2009) · Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy · doi:10.1093/jac/dkp256 · Cited by 773
Peirano, G., & Pitout, J. D. D. (2010) · International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents · doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2009.11.003 · Cited by 443
Metadata
- Authors
- Livermore, D. M., Canton, R., Gniadkowski, M., Nordmann, P., Rossolini, G. M., Arlet, G., Ayala, J., Coque, T. M., Kern-Zdanowicz, I., Luzzaro, F., Poirel, L., & Woodford, N.
- Venue
- Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2006-11-13
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 165-174
- ISSN
- 0305-7453 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2091
- OpenAlex
- W2108864681
- Cited by
- 927
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 24.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: CTX-M: changing the face of ESBLs in Europe. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/jac/dkl483
- The paper
- Livermore, D. M., Canton, R., Gniadkowski, M., Nordmann, P., Rossolini, G. M., Arlet, G., Ayala, J., Coque, T. M., Kern-Zdanowicz, I., Luzzaro, F., Poirel, L., & Woodford, N. (2006). CTX-M: changing the face of ESBLs in Europe. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkl483
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.