Origins and evolution of antibiotic resistance

Davies, Julian; Davies, Dorothy

doi:10.1128/mmbr.00016-10

Cited by 5,784Antibiotic Resistance in BacteriaAntibiotic Use and ResistancePharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts

Origins and evolution of antibiotic resistance

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Davies, Julian, Davies, Dorothy·2010·Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews

DOI 10.1128/mmbr.00016-10PMC PMC2937522

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Abstract

SUMMARY: Antibiotics have always been considered one of the wonder discoveries of the 20th century. This is true, but the real wonder is the rise of antibiotic resistance in hospitals, communities, and the environment concomitant with their use. The extraordinary genetic capacities of microbes have benefitted from man's overuse of antibiotics to exploit every source of resistance genes and every means of horizontal gene transmission to develop multiple mechanisms of resistance for each and every antibiotic introduced into practice clinically, agriculturally, or otherwise. This review presents the salient aspects of antibiotic resistance development over the past half-century, with the oft-restated conclusion that it is time to act. To achieve complete restitution of therapeutic applications of antibiotics, there is a need for more information on the role of environmental microbiomes in the rise of antibiotic resistance. In particular, creative approaches to the discovery of novel antibiotics and their expedited and controlled introduction to therapy are obligatory.

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If unchecked, AMR could cause 10 million deaths annually by 2050, eclipsing mortality from cancer and cardiovascular disease.
“According to recent projections, if unchecked, AMR could cause 10 million deaths annually by 2050, eclipsing mortality from cancer and cardiovascular disease [14-16].”
From The penicillin revolution and the role of the forgotten pioneer Vincenzo Tiberio (1869-1915): discovery, development and legacy. (2025) · cites this paper as [14]
The Introduction describes antibiotic-resistant pathogens as a serious mortality threat, but gives no projection of 10 million annual deaths by 2050. Searches for that figure and for comparisons with cancer and cardiovascular mortality found no supporting passage in our copy; page numbers were not provided. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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Authors: Davies, J., & Davies, D.
Affiliations: University of British Columbia (CA)
Corresponding author: Davies, Julian
ORCID: Davies, Julian
Venue: Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Published: 2010-09
Volume: 74
Issue: 3
Pages: 417-433
ISSN: 1092-2172 (ISSN-L)
1098-5557
DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00016-10
PMC: PMC2937522
OpenAlex: W2108638835
Cited by: 5,784
References: 153
Citations by year: 2026: 291 · 2025: 408 · 2024: 488 · 2023: 490 · 2022: 507 · 2021: 564 · 2020: 532 · 2019: 523 · 2018: 407 · 2017: 422 · 2016: 334 · 2015: 276 · 2014: 225 · 2013: 144 · 2012: 102
FWCI: 4.47
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: journals.asm.org/non-commercial-tdm-license (tdm)
Locations: Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Science Foundation
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
University of British Columbia
National Institutes of Health
Canadian Institutes of Health Research
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology › Antibiotic Use and Resistance
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
Keywords: antibiotic resistance, horizontal gene transfer, resistance genes, antibiotic overuse, environmental microbiome, new antibiotic development, antibiotic resistance mechanisms
MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Genes, Bacterial, Evolution, Molecular, Metagenome

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