The impact of music therapy on language functioning in dementia

Brotons, M.; Koger, S. M.

doi:10.1093/jmt/37.3.183

Cited by 237Music Therapy and HealthDementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchNeuroscience and Music Perception

The impact of music therapy on language functioning in dementia

Brotons, M., Koger, S. M.·2000·Journal of Music Therapy

DOI 10.1093/jmt/37.3.183

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Abstract

Dementias, such as Alzheimer's disease, include a progressive deterioration of language functioning. While some researchers have reported an increase in patients' self-expression following music therapy, it is not clear whether these changes specifically reflect improved language skills or whether simple interpersonal interaction with a therapist could account for the improvement. In this study, the effects of music therapy were compared to conversational sessions on language functioning in dementia patients. Participants were selected according to the following criteria: (a) residing in a facility specializing in Alzheimer's and related disorders; (b) possessing sufficient verbal ability to answer simple questions and to comply with requests to speak, participate, or sit down; and (c) attaining the written consent of the patient's guardian or representative. All participants had been in music therapy twice per week for at least 3 months prior to the study onset. One week prior to the beginning of the study, subjects were assessed for cognitive functioning using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and language ability via the Western Aphasia Battery (WAB). A within-subjects design was used, with order of condition (music or group conversation first) counter-balanced between participants. Subjects participated in groups of 2 to 4, twice per week for 20-30 minutes for a total of 8 sessions (4 music therapy and 4 conversation sessions or vice-versa), and were re-tested on the WAB at the end of each 2 week (4 session) interval. Results from 20 participants revealed that music therapy significantly improved performance on both speech content and fluency dimensions of the spontaneous speech subscale of the WAB (p =.01). While the difference in overall Aphasia Quotient (AQ) for music and conversation sessions (mean AQ = 76 vs. 70, respectively) did not reach statistical significance, data were only available for 10 participants (5 per condition). Hopefully, these findings will stimulate additional research on the use of music therapy interventions with demented patients, as it may offer a noninvasive mechanism to enhance communication between victims and their caregivers.

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Several studies reported the efficacy of music to maintain or increase cognitive functions.
“Several studies reported the efficacy of music to treat BPSD (208–213), to enhance communications, relational processes and participation (199, 214–216), and to maintain or increase cognitive functions (217–222).”
From The Multidisciplinary Approach to Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia. A Narrative Review of Non-Pharmacological Treatment (2018) · cites this paper as [217]

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Authors: Brotons, M., & Koger, S. M.
Affiliations: Willamette University (US)
Corresponding author: Brotons, M.
Koger, S. M.
ORCID: Koger, S. M.
Venue: Journal of Music Therapy
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2000-09-01
Volume: 37
Issue: 3
Pages: 183-195
ISSN: 0022-2917 (ISSN-L)
2053-7395
DOI: 10.1093/jmt/37.3.183
OpenAlex: W2035154726
Cited by: 237
References: 26
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 20
FWCI: 4.63
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Music Therapy (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Music Therapy and Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Music Perception
Keywords: music therapy, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, language functioning, aphasia, Western Aphasia Battery, spontaneous speech, speech fluency, group conversation, caregiver communication, non-invasive intervention
MeSH terms: Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Analysis of Variance, Dementia, Female, Homes for the Aged, Humans, Inpatients, Language Disorders, Language Tests, Male, Music Therapy, Nursing Homes, Oregon, Speech, Treatment Outcome

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The impact of music therapy on language functioning in dementia

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