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Skin Lycopene Is Destroyed Preferentially over β-Carotene during Ultraviolet Irradiation in Humans
Abstract
This placebo-controlled study examined in healthy women the effects of ingestion of a single large dose of beta-carotene (120 mg) on the concentrations of beta-carotene and lycopene in plasma and skin, and the effects of UV light exposure on the concentrations of beta-carotene and lycopene in the skin. Ingestion of beta-carotene increased plasma beta-carotene concentration by 127%, from 0.26 +/- 0.06 (mean +/- SEM) to 0.59 +/- 0.07 mumol/L after 1 d, and the level remained elevated at 0.54 +/- 0.11 mumol/L after 5 d. beta-Carotene in skin, analyzed after 6 d, increased by 23%, from 1.41 +/- 0.74 to 1.74 +/- 0.72 nmol/g. beta-Carotene ingestion had no effect on the lycopene concentrations of plasma (0.37 +/- 0.11 mumol/L) or skin (1.60 +/- 0.62 nmol/g). A single exposure of a small area of one volar forearm to a dose of solar-simulated light (three times the individually determined minimal erythema dose) resulted in 31 to 46% reductions in skin lycopene concentration compared with an adjacent non-exposed area. The same UV dose did not result in significant changes in skin beta-carotene concentration. We conclude that a single 120-mg dose of beta-carotene increases plasma and skin beta-carotene concentrations and has no effect on plasma and skin lycopene concentrations. The amounts of lycopene in plasma and skin are comparable to or even greater than those of beta-carotene. When skin is subjected to UV light stress, more skin lycopene is destroyed compared with beta-carotene, suggesting a role of lycopene in mitigating oxidative damage in tissues.
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“Lycopene was reported as the most quickly depleted antioxidant in skin upon exposure to solar radiation [9] and might play a role of protection against UVR.”
From The Effect of Lycopene Preexposure on UV‐B‐Irradiated Human Keratinocytes (2016) · cites this paper as [9]
Citations
Cites
Lycopene as the most efficient biological carotenoid singlet oxygen quencher
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Antioxidant defense systems: the role of carotenoids, tocopherols, and thiols
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A Clinical Trial of Beta Carotene to Prevent Basal-Cell and Squamous-Cell Cancers of the Skin
Greenberg, E. R., Baron, J. A., Stukel, T. A., Stevens, M. M., Mandel, J. S., Spencer, S. K., Elias, P. M., Lowe, N., Nierenberg, D. W., Bayrd, G., et al. (1990) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199009203231204 · Cited by 482
Actions of Carotenoids in Biological Systems
Krinsky, N. I. (1993) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev.nu.13.070193.003021 · Cited by 427
cis-trans isomers of lycopene and β-carotene in human serum and tissues
Stahl, W., Schwarz, W., Sundquist, A. R., & Sies, H. (1992) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1016/0003-9861(92)90153-n · Cited by 413
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Potential Role of Carotenoids as Antioxidants in Human Health and Disease
Fiedor, J., & Burda, K. (2014) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu6020466 · Cited by 1,420
Lycopene: Chemistry, Biology, and Implications for Human Health and Disease
Clinton, S. K. (2009) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.1998.tb01691.x · Cited by 978
Bioactivity and protective effects of natural carotenoids
Stahl, W., & Sies, H. (2004) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2004.12.006 · Cited by 898
Lycopene in Tomatoes: Chemical and Physical Properties Affected by Food Processing
Shi, J. (2000) · Critical Reviews in Biotechnology · doi:10.1080/07388550091144212 · Cited by 885
Role of lycopene as antioxidant carotenoid in the prevention of chronic diseases: A review
Rao, A. V., & Agarwal, S. (1999) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/s0271-5317(98)00193-6 · Cited by 687
Metadata
- Authors
- Ribaya-Mercado, J. D., Garmyn, M., Gilchrest, B. A., & Russell, R. M.
- Affiliations
- Tufts University (US)
- Boston University (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1995-08
- Volume
- 125
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1854-1859
- ISSN
- 0022-3166 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1962915086
- Cited by
- 193
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 4.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of New England
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Keywords
- lycopene, beta-carotene, UV irradiation, skin carotenoids, plasma carotenoid concentrations, simulated sunlight, oxidative damage, photoprotection
- MeSH terms
- Lycopene, Administration, Oral, Aged, Carotenoids, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Skin, Ultraviolet Rays, beta Carotene
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