Serum carotenoid depletion follows first-order kinetics in healthy adult women fed naturally low carotenoid diets
Open accessAbstract
Dietary intakes of carotenoids are highly variable in human populations as are serum carotenoid concentrations. However, there are few controlled data relating carotenoid intake to concentration. Most of the data that are available are from measurements of the absorption and decay of large pharmacologic doses of carotenoids, and are therefore of unknown physiologic relevance. Our objective was to determine the half-life (t(1/2)) of the most abundant carotenoids in blood serum from healthy adult women living under controlled conditions. As part of two carotenoid isotopic studies, we measured serum concentrations of beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin and lycopene in 19 healthy young adult women that were fed controlled low carotenoid diets for approximately 10 wk. All other nutrients (vitamins A, E and C) were provided at 100-150% of the 1989 U.S. recommended dietary allowance levels. Exercise and activities were controlled throughout the studies to simulate usual activity patterns. Carotenoid concentrations were measured by reversed-phase HPLC. Serum carotenoid concentration decreases during depletion followed first-order kinetics. The half-lives determined in decreasing order were as follows: lutein (76 d) > alpha-carotene (45 d) = beta-cryptoxanthin (39 d) = zeaxanthin (38 d) = beta-carotene (37 d) > lycopene (26 d). Half-lives were unrelated to physical or demographic characteristics such as body mass, body fat, racial background or age in these relatively homogeneous groups. Carotenoids decreased by similar first-order mechanisms, although the rates differed for individual carotenoids.
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Lipophilic markers such as carotenoids and lipids, and erythrocyte-associated biomarkers such as folate and fatty acids, have longer half-lives of weeks to months.
“Lipophilic markers (carotenoids, lipids) (36) or biomarkers associated with erythrocytes (folate, fatty acids) (29) have longer half-lives (week to month) because of the equilibrium of biomarkers between blood and fatty tissues, or because of their integration into erythrocytes.”
From The food metabolome: a window over dietary exposure (2014) · cites this paper as [36]
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- Authors
- Burri, B. J., Neidlinger, T. R., & Clifford, A. J.
- Affiliations
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center (US)
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Burri, Betty J.
- Venue
- The Journal of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-08
- Volume
- 131
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 2096-2100
- ISSN
- 0022-3166 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1934315696
- Cited by
- 90
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 1.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Agriculture
- National Institutes of Health
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01-DK-48307, R01DK048307)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Keywords
- serum carotenoids, first-order kinetics, beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, dietary carotenoid intake, healthy women
- MeSH terms
- Lycopene, Adolescent, Adult, Carotenoids, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Diet, Double-Blind Method, Female, Half-Life, Humans, Lutein, Exercise, beta Carotene, Xanthophylls, Zeaxanthins, Cryptoxanthins
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