The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Economics of Food Fortification
Open accessAbstract
This paper summarizes some of the literature on the cost effectiveness and cost benefit of food fortification with selected micronutrients most relevant for developing countries. Micronutrients covered include iron, iodine, vitamin A, and zinc. The main focus is on commercial fortification, although home fortification and biofortification are mentioned. Fortification with iron, vitamin A, and zinc averts significant numbers of infant and child deaths and is a very attractive preventive health-care intervention. Fortification with iron, iodine, and potentially zinc provides significant economic benefits and the low unit cost of food fortification ensures large benefit:cost ratios, with effects via cognition being very important for iron and iodine. Fortification will not reach all individuals and is most attractive as an investment where there is a convenient food vehicle, where processing is more centralized, and where either the deficiency is widespread or the adverse effects are very costly even though only a small group is affected.
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“Food fortification is widely recognized as an effective strategy to reduce micronutrient deficiencies and improve public health (Horton, 2006;Prajapati P., 2024).”
From Cassava (Manihot Esculenta) Chips Fortified with Sagip Nutri Powder (2026) · cites this paper as Horton, 2006
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Ezzati, M., López, A. D., Rodgers, A., & Murray, C. J. L. (2004) · Cited by 3,319
Bhutta, Z. A., Black, R. E., Brown, K. H., Gardner, J. M., Gore, S., Hidayat, A., Khatun, F., Martorell, R., Ninh, N. X., Penny, M. E., et al. (1999) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(99)70086-7 · Cited by 731
The economics of iron deficiency
Horton, S., & Ross, J. S. (2003) · Food Policy · doi:10.1016/s0306-9192(02)00070-2 · Cited by 527
Self-citationIron-Biofortified Rice Improves the Iron Stores of Nonanemic Filipino Women
Haas, J. D., Beard, J. L., Murray‐Kolb, L. E., MUNDO, A. M. D., Felix, A. D., & Gregorio, G. B. (2005) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/135.12.2823 · Cited by 260
Baltussen, R. M. P. M., Knai, C., & Sharan, M. (2004) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/134.10.2678 · Cited by 255
Early response to the effect of iron fortification in the Venezuelan population
Layrisse, M., Chaves, J., Mendez-Castellano, Bosch, V., Tropper, E., Bastardo, B., & González, E. (1996) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/64.6.903 · Cited by 141
Economic Gains of a Home Fortification Program
Sharieff, W., Horton, S., & Zlotkin, S. H. (2006) · Canadian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/bf03405206 · Cited by 36
Self-citationThe Economic Impact of Micronutrient Deficiencies
Horton, S. (2004) · KARGER eBooks · doi:10.1159/000080611 · Cited by 14
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Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Ross, 1999, PROFILES: Calculating the effects of malnutrition on economic productivity, health and survival, Asian Development Review, 17, 266
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White, P. J., & Broadley, M. R. (2009) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02738.x · Cited by 2,178
“Most economic analyses suggest that genetic strategies towards biofortification are more cost effective than dietary diversification, supplementation or food fortification programmes (Bouis, 1999; Bouis et al., 2000; Horton, 2006; Stein et al., 2007; Ma et al., 2008).”
BackgroundBiomarkers of Nutrition for Development—Folate Review
Bailey, L. B., Stover, P. J., McNulty, H., Fenech, M. F., Gregory, J. F., Mills, J. L., Pfeiffer, C. M., Fazili, Z., Zhang, M., Ueland, P. M., et al. (2015) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.114.206599 · Cited by 1,170
Zimmermann, M. B., Jooste, P. L., & Pandav, C. S. (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)61005-3 · Cited by 1,072
Zimmermann, M. B. (2009) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2009-0011 · Cited by 1,071
Zinc Deficiency: A Special Challenge1,
Hambidge, K. M., & Krebs, N. F. (2007) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/137.4.1101 · Cited by 467
“However, these fortified foods will not reach all older infants/toddlers, especially the millions of rural poor (34).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Horton, S.
- Affiliations
- Wilfrid Laurier University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Horton, Sue
- Venue
- The Journal of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-04
- Volume
- 136
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1068-1071
- ISSN
- 0022-3166 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1946220486
- Cited by
- 197
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 6.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Nutrition, Health, and Society Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Iron Metabolism and Disorders
- Keywords
- food fortification, cost-effectiveness, cost-benefit analysis, micronutrients, iron, iodine, vitamin A, zinc, infant and child mortality, home fortification, biofortification, cognitive effects, developing countries, public health investment
- MeSH terms
- Cost-Benefit Analysis, Developing Countries, Food, Fortified, Humans, Iodine, Iron, Vitamin A, Zinc, Micronutrients
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