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Cancer Incidence in a Population-Based Cohort of Patients Hospitalized With Diabetes Mellitus in Denmark
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Diabetes has been associated with an increased risk of several cancers, notably cancers of the pancreas, liver, endometrium, and kidney. Since most previous studies have involved a limited sample size or focused on specific cancer sites, we conducted a comprehensive assessment of the risk of cancer in a nationwide cohort of diabetics in Denmark. METHODS: Discharge records of 109581 individuals hospitalized with a diagnosis of diabetes from 1977 through 1989 were linked with national cancer registry records through 1993. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated for specific cancer sites. RESULTS: The SIRs for primary liver cancer were 4.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.5-4.6) in males and 2.1 (95% CI = 1.6-2.7) in females. These SIRs remained elevated with increasing years of follow-up and after exclusion of patients with reported risk factors (e.g., cirrhosis and hepatitis) or patients whose cancers were diagnosed at autopsy. Kidney cancer risk was also elevated, with SIRs of 1.4 (95% CI = 1.2-1.6) in males and 1.7 (95% CI = 1.4-1.9) in females. For both sexes combined, the SIR for pancreatic cancer was 2.1 (95% CI = 1.9-2.4), with a follow-up time of 1-4 years; this SIR declined to 1.3 (95% CI = 1.1-1.6) after 5-9 years of follow-up. Excess risks were also observed for biliary tract and endometrial cancers. The SIRs for kidney and endometrial cancers declined somewhat after exclusion of diabetics with reported obesity. CONCLUSIONS: Patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of diabetes appear to be at higher risk of developing cancers of the liver, biliary tract, pancreas, endometrium, and kidney. The elevated risks of endometrial and kidney cancers, however, may be confounded by obesity.
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“Physical activity also helps to prevent type 2 diabetes, which has been associated with increased risk of cancers of the colon, pancreas, and possibly other sites.[115][116][117][118]”
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“Physical activity also helps to prevent type 2 diabetes, which has been associated with increased risk of cancers of the colon, pancreas, and possibly other sites.[115][116][117][118]”
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Atsmoni, S. C., Brener, A., & Roth, Y. (2019) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2019.01.006 · Cited by 30
Metal Complex Formation and Anticancer Activity of Cu(I) and Cu(II) Complexes with Metformin
Abdelrahman, S., Alghrably, M., Campagna, M., Hauser, C. A. E., Jaremko, M., & Lachowicz, J. I. (2021) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules26164730 · Cited by 29
Glycemic Status and Risk of Prostate Cancer
Darbinian, J. A., Ferrara, A. M., Eeden, S. K. V. D., Quesenberry, C. P., FIREMAN, B. H., & Habel, L. A. (2008) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-07-2610 · Cited by 29
“Several epidemiologic studies have investigated the association between diabetes mellitus and risk of prostate cancer; however, findings have been inconsistent (17-36).”
ResultEnhanced insulin signaling via Shc in human breast cancer
Finlayson, C. A., Chappell, J., Leitner, J. W., Goalstone, M. L., Garrity, M., Nawaz, S., Ciaraldi, T. P., & Draznin, B. (2003) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s0026-0495(03)00311-1 · Cited by 29
Washio, M., Mori, M., Mikami, K., Miki, T., Watanabe, Y., Nakao, M., Kubo, T., Suzuki, K. A. O., Ozasa, K., Wakai, K., et al. (2013) · Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention · doi:10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.11.6523 · Cited by 29
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, its treatment and risk for lymphoma
Fortuny, J., Benavente, Y., Bosch, R., García-Villanueva, M., de Sevilla, A. F., & de Sanjosé, S. (2005) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2005.04.032 · Cited by 29
“There is growing evidence of an association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and an increase in the incidence of several cancers, such as colon [13,14], endometrial [13] and breast cancer [15] as well as non-Hodgkin lymphoma [16] and multiple myeloma [17].”
BackgroundAndersen, D. K. (2013) · Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity · doi:10.1097/med.0b013e32835eddd3 · Cited by 29
Wang, Y., Wang, B., Yan, S., Shen, F., Cao, H., Fan, J., Zhang, R., & Gu, J. F. (2016) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2016.09.006 · Cited by 28
Increased Risk of Site-Specific Cancer in People with Type 2 Diabetes: A National Cohort Study
Linkevičiūtė-Ulinskienė, D., Patašius, A., Zabulienė, L., Stukas, R., & Smailytė, G. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17010246 · Cited by 28
“A cohort study in Denmark showed a 10% increase in overall cancer for both men and women, with highest risk of hepatic, pancreatic, kidney, and corpus uteri cancer [8].”
BackgroundIs liver disease a threat to patients with metabolic disorders?
Marchesini, G., Forlani, G., & Bugianesi, E. (2005) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.1080/07853890510011445 · Cited by 28
“Wideroff (78) Denmark 109,581 hospitalized subjects with diabetes; follow-up, 4–16 years.”
BackgroundGapstur, S. M., Patel, A. V., Diver, W. R., Hildebrand, J. S., Gaudet, M. M., Jacobs, E. J., & Campbell, P. T. (2012) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-12-0867 · Cited by 28
Farhat, M. H., Shamseddine, A. I., Tawil, A. N., Berjawi, G., Sidani, C., Shamseddeen, W. A., & Barada, K. A. (2008) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.14.3224 · Cited by 28
Editorial: Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Type 2 Diabetes: More Than Meets the Eye
Baffy, G. (2012) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1038/ajg.2011.390 · Cited by 28
Challenges in the management of people with diabetes and cancer
Chowdhury, T. A., & Jacob, P. (2019) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.13919 · Cited by 27
Park, J., Hong, J. Y., Park, Y. S., Kang, G., Han, K., & Park, J. O. (2021) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154848 · Cited by 27
Seufferlein, T. T. W., Mayerle, J. V., Böck, S., Brunner, T. B., Ettrich, T. J., Grenacher, L., Gress, T. M., Hackert, T., Heinemann, V., Kestler, A. M. R., et al. (2022) · Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie · doi:10.1055/a-1856-7346 · Cited by 29
Xiong, F., Dai, Q., Zhang, S.-H., Bent, S., Tahir, P., Blarigan, E. L. V., Kenfield, S. A., Chan, J. M., Schmajuk, G., & Graff, R. E. (2023) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.3709 · Cited by 27
Diabetes mellitus and gastric carcinoma: Is there an association?
Jayaprakash, V., Marimuthu, S. P., Vijayaragavan, P., & Moysich, K. B. (2011) · Journal of Carcinogenesis · doi:10.4103/1477-3163.90481 · Cited by 27
“showed a borderline 10–20% increase in risk of GC in diabetic patients.[19] In the other population-based cohort from UK, there was a non-significant increase in risk only in diabetic patients who were less than 30 years of age at diagnosis, probably mostly type 1 diabetics.”
Zheng, Z., Zhang, C., Yan, J., Ruan, Y., Zhao, X., San, X., Mao, Y., Sun, Q., Zhang, K., & Fan, Z. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084776 · Cited by 29
“The strong association between DM and HCC is consistent with cohort and case-control studies with the populations in US, Europe, and other Asian populations [9] [10-12] [13-16].”
ResultRegister-based studies of diabetes
Carstensen, B., & Borch‐Johnsen, K. (2011) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/1403494811404279 · Cited by 27
“The study of diabetes and cancer is not new, but has previously largely been confined to the cancer literature, since cancer would be the main endpoint and diabetes an exposure collected either through a patient register or via medication records [13,19].”
BackgroundSelf-citationObesity and hepatocellular carcinoma in patients receiving entecavir for chronic hepatitis B
Lee, J., Yoo, S. H., Sohn, W., Kim, H. W., Choi, Y. S., Won, J. H., Heo, J. Y., Park, S. J., & Park, Y. M. (2016) · Clinical and Molecular Hepatology · doi:10.3350/cmh.2016.0021 · Cited by 27
Risk Factors for Renal Cell Carcinoma in a Japanese Population
Washio, M., Mori, M., Mikami, K., Miki, T., Watanabe, Y., Nakao, M., Kubo, T., Suzuki, K. A. O., Ozasa, K., Wakai, K., et al. (2014) · Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention · doi:10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.21.9065 · Cited by 26
“On the other hand, Sawada et al. (2010) found that a U-shape association between BMI and RCC in another population-based large cohort study, and reported that high BMI as well as low BMI increased the risk of RCC. Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of RCC in some cohort studies in Northern Europe (Lindblad et al., 1…”
BackgroundInfluentialDefining the Molecular Nexus of Cancer, Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease
Cabarcas‐Petroski, S., Hurt, E., & Farrar, W. L. (2010) · Current Molecular Medicine · doi:10.2174/156652410793384187 · Cited by 28
Metadata
- Authors
- Wideroff, L., Gridley, G., Chow, W. H., Linet, M., Mellemkjaer, L., Olsen, J. H., Keehn, S., & Borch-Johnsen, K.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- National Cancer Institute (US)
- Danish Cancer Society (DK)
- Information Management Services (US)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Wideroff, L.
- ORCID
- Olsen, J. H.
- Venue
- JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1997-09-17
- Volume
- 89
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- 1360-1365
- ISSN
- 0027-8874 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2105
- OpenAlex
- W2122576167
- Cited by
- 627
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 42
- FWCI
- 2.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
- Keywords
- diabetes mellitus, cancer incidence, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, kidney cancer, endometrial cancer, biliary tract cancer, obesity, standardized incidence ratio, diabetes and cancer association
- MeSH terms
- Denmark, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Medical Record Linkage, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Registries, Risk, Cohort Studies, Incidence, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution, Diabetes Complications
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