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Cancer Incidence in a Population-Based Cohort of Patients Hospitalized With Diabetes Mellitus in Denmark
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Diabetes has been associated with an increased risk of several cancers, notably cancers of the pancreas, liver, endometrium, and kidney. Since most previous studies have involved a limited sample size or focused on specific cancer sites, we conducted a comprehensive assessment of the risk of cancer in a nationwide cohort of diabetics in Denmark. METHODS: Discharge records of 109581 individuals hospitalized with a diagnosis of diabetes from 1977 through 1989 were linked with national cancer registry records through 1993. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated for specific cancer sites. RESULTS: The SIRs for primary liver cancer were 4.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.5-4.6) in males and 2.1 (95% CI = 1.6-2.7) in females. These SIRs remained elevated with increasing years of follow-up and after exclusion of patients with reported risk factors (e.g., cirrhosis and hepatitis) or patients whose cancers were diagnosed at autopsy. Kidney cancer risk was also elevated, with SIRs of 1.4 (95% CI = 1.2-1.6) in males and 1.7 (95% CI = 1.4-1.9) in females. For both sexes combined, the SIR for pancreatic cancer was 2.1 (95% CI = 1.9-2.4), with a follow-up time of 1-4 years; this SIR declined to 1.3 (95% CI = 1.1-1.6) after 5-9 years of follow-up. Excess risks were also observed for biliary tract and endometrial cancers. The SIRs for kidney and endometrial cancers declined somewhat after exclusion of diabetics with reported obesity. CONCLUSIONS: Patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of diabetes appear to be at higher risk of developing cancers of the liver, biliary tract, pancreas, endometrium, and kidney. The elevated risks of endometrial and kidney cancers, however, may be confounded by obesity.
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“Physical activity also helps to prevent type 2 diabetes, which has been associated with increased risk of cancers of the colon, pancreas, and possibly other sites.[115][116][117][118]”
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“Physical activity also helps to prevent type 2 diabetes, which has been associated with increased risk of cancers of the colon, pancreas, and possibly other sites.[115][116][117][118]”
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The role of diabetes mellitus in the aetiology of renal cell cancer
Lindblad, P., Chow, W. H., Chan, J., Bergström, A., Wolk, A., Gridley, G., McLaughlin, J. K., Nyrén, O., & Adami, H. O. (1999) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s001250051122 · Cited by 220
“Excess risks have also been reported in some cohort studies of patients with diabetes [17, 18], while others found no association [19±21].”
BackgroundSelf-citationJiang, Y., Ben, Q., Shen, H., Lu, W., Zhang, Y., & Zhu, J. (2011) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-011-9617-y · Cited by 220
Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma in Korea: A Case-Control Study
Lee, T. Y., Lee, S. S., Jung, S. W., Jeon, S. H., Yun, S.-C., Oh, H., Kwon, S., Lee, S. K., Seo, D. W., Kim, M., et al. (2008) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2008.01796.x · Cited by 217
“In agreement with previous findings (22, 27, 28), our results also suggest associations between heavy alcohol consumption and diabetes and risk of ICC.”
ResultAdvances in diagnosis, treatment and palliation of pancreatic carcinoma: 1990-2010
Sharma, C. (2011) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v17.i7.867 · Cited by 216
S3-Leitlinie zum exokrinen Pankreaskarzinom
Seufferlein, T. T. W., Porzner, M., Becker, T., Budach, V., Ceyhan, G. O., Esposito, I., Fietkau, R., Follmann, M., Frieß, H., Galle, P. R., et al. (2013) · Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie · doi:10.1055/s-0033-1356220 · Cited by 219
Castillo, J. J., Mull, N. K., Reagan, J. L., Nemr, S., & Mitri, J. (2012) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2011-06-362830 · Cited by 212
Risk Factors for Renal Cell Cancer: The Multiethnic Cohort
Setiawan, V. W., Stram, D. O., Nomura, A. M. Y., Kolonel, L. N., & Henderson, B. E. (2007) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwm170 · Cited by 211
“Diabetes has been shown to increase risk (20, 21), but whether the association is truly causal or confounded by obesity is unclear (4, 20).”
BackgroundThe impact of obesity and diabetes mellitus on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma
Polesel, J., Zucchetto, A., Montella, M., Maso, L. D., Crispo, A., Vecchia, C. L., Serraino, D., Franceschi, S., & Talamini, R. (2008) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mdn565 · Cited by 210
The relationship between diabetes and pancreatic cancer.
Wang, F., Herrington, M. K., Larsson, J., & Permert, J. (2003) · Molecular Cancer · doi:10.1186/1476-4598-2-4 · Cited by 198
Liver Disease in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus
Harrison, S. A. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/01.mcg.0000190774.91875.d2 · Cited by 199
Welzel, T. M., Mellemkjaer, L., Gloria, G., Sakoda, L. C., Hsing, A. W., Ghormli, L. E., Olsen, J. H., & McGlynn, K. A. (2007) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.22283 · Cited by 195
Self-citationPancreatic cancer in type 1 and young-onset diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis
Stevens, R., Roddam, A. W., & Beral, V. (2007) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6603571 · Cited by 201
“…three cohort and six case–control studies that reported pancreatic cancer by diabetes subtype (O’Mara et al, 1985; Bueno De Mesquita et al, 1992; Ekoe et al, 1992; Gullo et al, 1994; La Vecchia et al, 1994; Wideroff et al, 1997; Silverman et al, 1999; Zendehdel et al, 2003; Swerdlow et al, 2005).”
Ohkuma, T., Peters, S. A. E., & Woodward, M. (2018) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-018-4664-5 · Cited by 188
Cancer incidence and mortality in patients with insulin-treated diabetes: a UK cohort study
Swerdlow, A. J., Laing, S. P., Qiao, Z., Slater, S. D., Burden, A. C., Botha, J. L., Waugh, N. R., Morris, A. D., Gatling, W., Gale, E. A. M., et al. (2005) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6602611 · Cited by 190
“…et al , 1976; Ragozzino et al , 1982; Green and Jensen, 1985; O’Mara et al , 1985; Adami et al , 1991; La Vecchia et al , 1994; Hjalgrim et al , 1997; Wideroff et al , 1997; Verlato et al , 2003), but interpretation is uncertain because of potential confounding by obesity and alcohol consumption.”
InfluentialMcGlynn, K. A., Tarone, R. E., & El‐Serag, H. B. (2006) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-05-0811 · Cited by 190
“A Danish cohort study reported an association between diabetes and PLC in Denmark (38).”
BackgroundMarkers of insulin resistance and colorectal cancer mortality.
Trevisan, M., Liu, J., Muti, P. C., Misciagna, G., Menotti, A., & Fucci, F. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 189
Type 2 diabetes and hepatocellular carcinoma
Lai, M., Hsieh, M., Chiu, Y., & Chen, T. H. (2006) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.21208 · Cited by 187
Association of Diabetes Mellitus and Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: A Meta-Analysis of 88 Studies
Batabyal, P., Hoorn, S. V., Christophi, C., & Nikfarjam, M. (2014) · Annals of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1245/s10434-014-3625-6 · Cited by 189
Diabetes and Risk of Prostate Cancer in a Prospective Cohort of US Men
Rodriguez, C. (2005) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwh334 · Cited by 185
on behalf of the Diabetes and Cancer Research Consortium, Carstensen, B., Read, S. H., Friis, S., Sund, R., Keskimäki, I., Svensson, A.-M., Ljung, R., Wild, S. H., Kerssens, J. J., et al. (2016) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-016-3884-9 · Cited by 180
“Although this definition of type 1 diabetes is not strictly comparable with ours, the result is consistent with our findings [19].”
ResultDiabetes mellitus and incidence of kidney cancer: a meta-analysis of cohort studies
Larsson, S. C., & Wolk, A. (2011) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-011-2051-6 · Cited by 188
“The outcome was renal cell carcinoma in three studies [20, 23, 25], and total or unspecified kidney cancer in six studies [18, 21, 22, 24, 26, 27].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialNonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Diabetes, Obesity, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Noureddin, M., & Rinella, M. E. (2015) · Clinics in Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.cld.2015.01.012 · Cited by 185
Salomao, M. A., Remotti, H. E., VAUGHAN, R. D., Siegel, A. B., Lefkowitch, J. H., & Moreira, R. K. (2011) · Human Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2011.07.005 · Cited by 178
“First, although mounting evidence that a significant association between HCC and NAFLD/metabolic syndrome exists [5-12,25,26,28-33], the”
BackgroundAnothaisintawee, T., Wiratkapun, C., Lerdsitthichai, P., Kasamesup, V., Wongwaisayawan, S., Srinakarin, J., Hirunpat, S., Woodtichartpreecha, P., Boonlikit, S., Teerawattananon, Y., et al. (2013) · Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/1010539513488795 · Cited by 179
Metadata
- Authors
- Wideroff, L., Gridley, G., Chow, W. H., Linet, M., Mellemkjaer, L., Olsen, J. H., Keehn, S., & Borch-Johnsen, K.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- National Cancer Institute (US)
- Danish Cancer Society (DK)
- Information Management Services (US)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Wideroff, L.
- ORCID
- Olsen, J. H.
- Venue
- JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1997-09-17
- Volume
- 89
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- 1360-1365
- ISSN
- 0027-8874 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2105
- OpenAlex
- W2122576167
- Cited by
- 627
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 42
- FWCI
- 2.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
- Keywords
- diabetes mellitus, cancer incidence, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, kidney cancer, endometrial cancer, biliary tract cancer, obesity, standardized incidence ratio, diabetes and cancer association
- MeSH terms
- Denmark, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Medical Record Linkage, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Registries, Risk, Cohort Studies, Incidence, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution, Diabetes Complications
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