Protein Targeting to Starch 1 is essential for starchy endosperm development in barley
Open accessAbstract
Plant starch is the main energy contributor to the human diet. Its biosynthesis is catalyzed and regulated by co-ordinated actions of several enzymes. Recently, a factor termed Protein Targeting to Starch 1 (PTST1) was identified as being required for correct granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) localization and demonstrated to be crucial for amylose synthesis in Arabidopsis. However, the function of its homologous protein in storage tissues (e.g. endosperm) is unknown. We identified a PTST1 homolog in barley and it was found to contain a crucial coiled-coil domain and carbohydrate-binding module. We demonstrated the interaction between PTST1 and GBSS1 by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) in barley endosperm. By tagging PTST1 with the fluorophore mCherry, we observed that it is localized in the stroma of barley endosperm amyloplasts. PTST1 overexpression in endosperm increased endogenous gbss1a gene expression and amylose content. Gbss1a and ptst1 mutants were generated using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-related protein 9 (Cas9)-based targeted mutagenesis. Homozygous gbss1a mutants showed a waxy phenotype. Grains of ptst1 mutants did not accumulate any starch. These grains dried out during the desiccation stage and were unable to germinate, suggesting that PTST1 is essential for development of starchy endosperm and viable grains.
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In barley, CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing has been successfully used to create insertion/deletion (InDel) mutations in eIF4E, HvMPK6, HvNud, HvPAPhy, HvPTST1, HvGBSS1, HvHPT, and HvHGGT genes to improve desirable traits.
“In barley, CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing has been successfully used to create insertion/deletion (InDel) mutations in eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (elF4E), H. vulgare mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 (HvMPK6), H. vulgare nudum (HvNud), H. vulgare purple acid phosphatase phytase (HvPAPhy), H. vulgare protein targeting to starch 1 (HvPTST1), H. vulgare granule-bound starch synthase 1 (Hv”
From Genetic resources and precise gene editing for targeted improvement of barley abiotic stress tolerance (2023) · cites this paper as Zhong et al., 2019
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- Authors
- Zhong, Y., Blennow, A., Kofoed-Enevoldsen, O., Jiang, D., & Hebelstrup, K. H.
- Affiliations
- Nanjing Agricultural University (CN)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Aarhus University (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Jiang, Dong
- Hebelstrup, Kim Henrik
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Botany
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2018-11-08
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 485-496
- ISSN
- 0022-0957 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2431
- PMC
- PMC6322578
- OpenAlex
- W2900231143
- Cited by
- 72
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 4
- FWCI
- 5.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Experimental Botany (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Molecular Biology Research
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism
- Keywords
- granule-bound starch synthase, starch biosynthesis, amylose synthesis, barley endosperm, amyloplasts, coiled-coil domain, carbohydrate-binding module, protein-protein interaction, grain development
- MeSH terms
- Hordeum, Edible Grain, Chloroplasts, Phenotype, Plant Proteins, Starch, Plant Leaves, Endosperm
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