The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Health Measurement Scales: A practical guide to their development and use
Abstract
Health Measurement Scales is the ultimate online guide to developing and validating measurement scales that are to be used in the health sciences. It covers how the individual items are developed; various biases that can affect responses (e.g. social desirability, yea-saying, framing); various response options; how to select the best items in the set; how to combine them into a scale; and finally how to determine the reliability and validity of the scale. It concludes with a discussion of ethical issues that may be encountered, and guidelines for reporting the results of the scale development process. Appendices include a comprehensive guide to finding existing scales, and a brief introduction to exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“DASS was translated by Livheim34 by using a back-translation technique.35”
From Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for adult type 1 diabetes management: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial (2018) · cites this paper as [35]
Citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–500 of 1,005
Pańczyk, M., Jaworski, M., Iwanow, L., Cieślak, I., & Gotlib, J. (2018) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.13922 · Cited by 30
Yoon, S., Speyer, R., Cordier, R., Pirjo Aunio, A., & Hakkarainen, A. M. (2020) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/1524838019898456 · Cited by 38
Ghaffari, M., Rakhshanderou, S., Ramezankhani, A., Mehrabi, Y., & Safari‐Moradabadi, A. (2020) · BMC Oral Health · doi:10.1186/s12903-020-01170-y · Cited by 33
Psychometric properties comparison between EQ-5D-5L and EQ-5D-3L in the general Thai population
Kangwanrattanakul, K., & Parmontree, P. (2020) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-020-02595-2 · Cited by 32
Roorda, L. D., Molenaar, I. W., Lankhorst, G. J., et al. (2005) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2005.06.005 · Cited by 32
Validity and reliability assessment of the Brazilian version of the game addiction scale (GAS)
Lemos, I. L., Cardoso, A., & Sougey, É. B. (2016) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.01.014 · Cited by 31
Leščauskienė, I., Baušys, R., Zavadskas, E. K., & Juodagalvienė, B. (2020) · Symmetry · doi:10.3390/sym12101641 · Cited by 32
Cuberek, R., Janíková, M., & Dygrýn, J. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0245256 · Cited by 34
Long, D., Polinder, S., Bonsel, G. J., & Haagsma, J. A. (2021) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-021-02893-3 · Cited by 31
Essiet, I. A., Lander, N., Salmon, J., Duncan, M. J., Eyre, E. L. J., Ma, J., & Barnett, L. M. (2021) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-021-01162-3 · Cited by 36
Ross, I., Greco, G., Opondo, C., Adriano, Z., Nalá, R., Brown, J. M., Dreibelbis, R., & Cumming, O. (2021) · Health Economics · doi:10.1002/hec.4462 · Cited by 31
Test–retest reliability and stability of N400 effects in a word-pair semantic priming paradigm
Kiang, M., Patriciu, I., Roy, C., Christensen, B. K., & Zipursky, R. B. (2012) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2012.09.029 · Cited by 30
Health-Related Quality of Life After Stroke
Muus, I., Petzold, M., & Ringsberg, K. C. (2009) · Clinical Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/1054773809334912 · Cited by 31
Zeraatkar, D., Obeda, M., Ginsberg, J. S., & Hirsh, J. (2017) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4259-y · Cited by 29
Grosso, A., Ketende, S. C., Stahlman, S. L., Ky‐Zerbo, O., Ouédraogo, H. G., Kouanda, S., Samadoulougou, B. C., Lougué, M., Tchalla, J., Anato, S., et al. (2019) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-019-3693-0 · Cited by 31
Contextual effects: how to, and how not to, quantify them
Saueressig, T., Pedder, H., Owen, P. J., & Belavý, D. L. (2024) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/s12874-024-02152-2 · Cited by 32
Guidelines for the development and validation of patient-reported outcome measures: a scoping review
Jung, A., Challoumas, D., Pagels, L., Armijo-Olivo, S. L., Braun, T., & Luedtke, K. (2024) · BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjebm-2023-112681 · Cited by 36
Merz, R. I., Deakin, J., & Hawthorne, M. R. (2010) · Clinical Otolaryngology · doi:10.1111/j.1749-4486.2010.02194.x · Cited by 30
Elvrum, A.-K. G., Beckung, E., Sæther, R., Lydersen, S., Vik, T., & Himmelmann, K. (2016) · Physical & Occupational Therapy In Pediatrics · doi:10.1080/01942638.2016.1185507 · Cited by 30
Bujar, M., McAuslane, N., Walker, S., & Salek, S. (2017) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2017.00189 · Cited by 30
O’Brien, K. K., Kietrys, D. M., Galantino, M. L., Parrott, J. S., Davis, T. E. K., Tran, Q., Aubry, R. L., & Solomon, P. E. (2019) · Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC) · doi:10.1177/2325958219888461 · Cited by 29
Radomski, A. D., Bagnell, A., Curtis, S., Hartling, L., & Newton, A. S. (2020) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/15795 · Cited by 30
Development and Validation of a Disease-Specific Oromandibular Dystonia Rating Scale (OMDRS)
Yoshida, K. (2020) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.583177 · Cited by 30
Kum, E., Guyatt, G. H., Devji, T., et al. (2021) · European Respiratory Review · doi:10.1183/16000617.0104-2021 · Cited by 30
Item Response Theory for Medical Educationists
Arifin, W. N., & Yusoff, M. S. B. (2017) · Education in Medicine Journal · doi:10.21315/eimj2017.9.3.8 · Cited by 32
Hammerton, M., Benson, T., & Sibley, A. (2022) · BMJ Open Quality · doi:10.1136/bmjoq-2022-001865 · Cited by 29
Choi, P.-P., Lee, W.-M., Wong, S.-S., & Tiu, M.-H. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191811461 · Cited by 38
Choi, Y., Kim, J., & Park, E. (2015) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-015-0319-0 · Cited by 30
Disability Management Practices in Ontario Health Care Workplaces
Williams, R. M., Westmorland, M. G., Shannon, H. S., et al. (2006) · Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation · doi:10.1007/s10926-006-9045-0 · Cited by 29
Decision-making capacity for research participation among addicted people: a cross-sectional study
Morán‐Sánchez, I., Maldonado, A. L., Sánchez-Muñoz, M., Aguilera-Alcaraz, B., & Pérez-Cárceles, M. D. (2016) · BMC Medical Ethics · doi:10.1186/s12910-015-0086-9 · Cited by 31
Colombian Rasch validation of KIDSCREEN-27 quality of life questionnaire
Vélez, C. M., Lugo‐Agudelo, L. H., Hernández-Herrera, G., et al. (2016) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-016-0472-0 · Cited by 29
Ali, K., Slade, A. L., Kay, E. J., et al. (2016) · European Journal Of Dental Education · doi:10.1111/eje.12236 · Cited by 29
Psychometric assessment of the Post- Secondary Student Stressors Index (PSSI)
Linden, B., & Stuart, H. L. (2019) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7472-z · Cited by 35
Low repeatability of Epworth Sleepiness Scale after short intervals in a sleep clinic population
Grewe, F. A., Roeder, M., Bradicich, M., Schwarz, E. I., Held, U., Thiel, S., Gaisl, T., Sievi, N. A., & Kohler, M. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.8350 · Cited by 29
Alawami, A. S., & Abdulla, F. A. (2020) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2020.1731853 · Cited by 31
Parisod, H., Holopainen, A., Koivunen, M. H., et al. (2021) · Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences · doi:10.1111/scs.12972 · Cited by 29
The Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) During Early Recovery After Ankle Fracture
Larsen, P. F., Al-Bayati, M., & Elsøe, R. (2021) · Foot & Ankle International · doi:10.1177/10711007211002811 · Cited by 29
Wyrwich, K. W., Winnette, R., Bender, R. H., Gandhi, K., Williams, N., Harris, N., & Nelson, L. M. (2021) · Dermatology and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13555-021-00648-z · Cited by 30
Kum, E., Guyatt, G. H., Munoz, C. E., Beaudin, S. M., Li, S., Abdulqawi, R., Badri, H., Boulet, L., Chen, R., Dicpinigaitis, P. V., et al. (2022) · ERJ Open Research · doi:10.1183/23120541.00667-2021 · Cited by 29
Multilingual validation of the short form of the Unesp-Botucatu Feline Pain Scale (UFEPS-SF)
Luna, S. P. L., Trindade, P. H. E., Monteiro, B. P., Crosignani, N., Rocca, G. D., Ruel, H., YAMASHITA, K., Kronen, P., Tseng, C. T., Teixeira, L. R., et al. (2022) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.13134 · Cited by 34
Kim, G., Yu, H., & Ryu, E. (2022) · Nursing Open · doi:10.1002/nop2.1581 · Cited by 31
Tomacheuski, R. M., Monteiro, B. P., Evangelista, M. C., Luna, S. P. L., & Steagall, P. V. M. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0280830 · Cited by 32
Performance on ABA-ASA in-training examination predicts success for RCPSC certification
Kearney, R. A., Sullivan, P., & Skakun, E. N. (2000) · Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d anesthésie · doi:10.1007/bf03019676 · Cited by 29
Measurement error of visual field tests in glaucoma
Spry, P. G. D. (2002) · British Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1136/bjo.87.1.107 · Cited by 29
Heinl, D., Prinsen, C. A. C., Drucker, A. M., Ofenloch, R. F., Humphreys, R., Sach, T., Flohr, C., & Apfelbacher, C. (2016) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-016-0202-z · Cited by 30
Glick, H. A., McCarron, T. J., Althof, S. E., Corty, E. W., & Willke, R. J. (1997) · Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy · doi:10.1080/00926239708405311 · Cited by 28
Lim, M., Li, Z., Xie, H., Tan, B. L., & Lee, J. (2019) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-019-2238-9 · Cited by 28
Bailón-Cerezo, J., Clarsen, B. M., Sánchez-Sánchez, B., & Torres-Lacomba, M. (2020) · Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/2325967120968552 · Cited by 28
Landsverk, N. G., Olsen, N. R., & Brovold, T. (2023) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-023-01301-3 · Cited by 37
Notes to Factor Analysis Techniques for Construct Validity
Alavi, M., Biroš, E., & Cleary, M. L. (2023) · Canadian Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/08445621231204296 · Cited by 52
Advances in diagnostics and outcome measures in peripheral neuropathies
Merkies, I. S. J., Faber, C. G., & Lauria, G. (2015) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2015.02.038 · Cited by 33
Horne, J. C., Lincoln, N. B., & Logan, P. (2017) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/0269215517705424 · Cited by 28
Łaszewska, A., Schwab, M., Leutner, E., Oberrauter, M., Spiel, G., & Simon, J. (2019) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-019-02187-9 · Cited by 28
Brown, A. D., Nidumolu, A., McConnell, M., Hecker, K. G., & Grierson, L. (2019) · Perspectives on Medical Education · doi:10.1007/s40037-019-0511-8 · Cited by 28
Racine, É., Cascio, M. A., Montreuil, M., & Bogossian, A. (2019) · Metamedicine · doi:10.1007/s11017-019-09502-y · Cited by 30
Milasauskiene, E., Burkauskas, J., Podlipskytė, A., Király, O., Demetrovics, Z., Ambrasas, L., & Steiblienė, V. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.685137 · Cited by 31
Nogueira, T., Magano, J., Fontão, E., Sousa, M., & Leite, Â. M. T. (2021) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci11110671 · Cited by 30
Marks, K. L., Verdi, A., Toles, L. E., Stipancic, K. L., Ortiz, A. J., Hillman, R. E., & Mehta, D. D. (2021) · American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1044/2021_ajslp-21-00111 · Cited by 28
Iversen, H. H., Haugum, M., & Bjertnæs, Ø. A. (2022) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-022-08307-5 · Cited by 28
Tolbert, T. M., Schoenholz, R., Parekh, A., Berkalieva, A., Osorio, R. S., Ayappa, I. A., & Rapoport, D. M. (2023) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsad058 · Cited by 28
Al-Mukhaizeem, F., Allen, U., Komar, L., Naser, B., Roy, L., Stephens, D., Read, S., Kim, C., & Schuh, S. (2004) · Paediatrics & Child Health · doi:10.1093/pch/9.7.461 · Cited by 28
Health related quality of life in genital herpes: a pilot comparison of measures
Fisman, D. N. (2005) · Sexually Transmitted Infections · doi:10.1136/sti.2004.011619 · Cited by 26
A descriptive study of the participation of children and adolescents in activities outside school
Imms, C., Froude, E., Adair, B., & Shields, N. (2016) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-016-0623-9 · Cited by 28
Peterson, C. H., Gischlar, K. L., & Peterson, N. A. (2017) · The Journal for Specialists in Group Work · doi:10.1080/01933922.2016.1264523 · Cited by 25
Potter, C., Batchelder, L., A’Court, C., Geneen, L. J., Kelly, L., Fox, D., Baker, M. J., Bostock, J., Coulter, A., Fitzpatrick, R. M., et al. (2017) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019235 · Cited by 28
Assessing Children’s State Anxiety
Schisler, T., Lander, J., & Fowler‐Kerry, S. (1998) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/s0885-3924(98)00033-5 · Cited by 28
Cooke, D. M., McKenna, K. T., Fleming, J., et al. (2005) · Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.1080/11038120500363014 · Cited by 28
NHP or SIP—A comparative study in renal insufficiency associated anemia
Essink‐Bot, M., Krabbe, P. F. M., van Agt, H. M. E., et al. (1996) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/bf00435973 · Cited by 28
Luquiens, A., Whalley, D., Laramée, P., Falissard, B., Kostogianni, N., Rehm, J., Manthey, J., Paille, F., & Aubin, H. J. (2016) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-015-1190-5 · Cited by 27
Current methodologies of greenspace exposure and mental health research—a scoping review
Freymüller, J., Schmid, H., Senkler, B., Lumbi, S. L., Zerbe, S., Hornberg, C., & McCall, T. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1360134 · Cited by 36
The Individual Participant Data Integrity Tool for assessing the integrity of randomised trials
Hunter, K. E., Aberoumand, M., Libesman, S., Sotiropoulos, J. X., Williams, J. G., Aagerup, J., Wang, R., Mol, B. W., Li, W., Barba, A., et al. (2024) · Research Synthesis Methods · doi:10.1002/jrsm.1738 · Cited by 28
Validation of a Short Form of Job Crafting Scale in a Spanish Sample
Sora, B., Caballer, A., & Buades, E. G. (2018) · The Spanish Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1017/sjp.2018.52 · Cited by 27
Generalizability Theory Made Simple(r): An Introductory Primer to G-Studies
Monteiro, S., Sullivan, G. M., & Chan, T. M. (2019) · Journal of Graduate Medical Education · doi:10.4300/jgme-d-19-00464.1 · Cited by 27
Psychometric properties and validation of the polish version of the 12-item WHODAS 2.0
Ćwirlej-Sozańska, A. B., Sozański, B., Kotarski, H., Wilmowska-Pietruszyńska, A., & Wiśniowska-Szurlej, A. (2020) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-020-09305-0 · Cited by 27
M-government continuance intentions: an instrument development and validation
Alshammari, T., Messom, C. H., & Cheung, Y. P. (2021) · Information Technology for Development · doi:10.1080/02681102.2021.1928589 · Cited by 27
Louzada, M. L. D. C., Tramontt, C. R., de Jesus, J. G. L., Rauber, F., Hochberg, J. R. B., Santos, T. S. S., & Jaime, P. C. (2022) · Family Medicine and Community Health · doi:10.1136/fmch-2021-001276 · Cited by 28
Peters, L. L., van der Pijl, M. S. G., Vedam, S., Barkema, W., van Lohuizen, M. T., Jansen, D. E. M. C., & Jong, E. F. (2022) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-022-04445-0 · Cited by 27
The Toronto Upper Gastrointestinal Cleaning Score: a prospective validation study
Khan, R., Gimpaya, N., Vargas, J. I., Ramkissoon, A., Seleq, S., Gholami, R., Akhtar, H. J., Bansal, R., Scaffidi, M. A., Amin, S., et al. (2022) · Endoscopy · doi:10.1055/a-1865-4180 · Cited by 27
Exploring physicians’ continuous use of clinical decision support systems
Abouzahra, M., Guenter, D., & Tan, J. (2022) · European Journal of Information Systems · doi:10.1080/0960085x.2022.2119172 · Cited by 33
Validation of General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) questionnaire in Spanish nursing students
Martínez‐Vázquez, S., Martínez‐Galiano, J. M., Peinado‐Molina, R. A., Gutiérrez‐Sánchez, B., & Hernández‐Martínez, A. (2022) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.14296 · Cited by 28
Screening the risk of falls: a general or a specific instrument?
Heinze, C., Dassen, T. W. N., Halfens, R. J. G., et al. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2008.02453.x · Cited by 27
Evaluation of quality of life in children with heart disease
Marino, B. S., Uzark, K. C., Ittenbach, R. F., & Drotar, D. (2010) · Progress in Pediatric Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ppedcard.2010.06.008 · Cited by 27
Clinical respiratory scales: which one should we use?
Justicia-Grande, A. J., Pardo‐Seco, J., Calle, I. R., & Martinón‐Torres, F. (2017) · Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1080/17476348.2017.1387052 · Cited by 27
Oromandibular dystonia screening questionnaire for differential diagnosis
Yoshida, K. (2018) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-018-2449-3 · Cited by 27
Kearney, R. A., Puchalski, S. A., Yang, H., et al. (2002) · Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d anesthésie · doi:10.1007/bf03020520 · Cited by 27
Criterion validity of the Occupational Therapy Adult Perceptual Screening Test (OT-APST)
Cooke, D. M., McKenna, K. T., Fleming, J., et al. (2005) · Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.1080/11038120500363006 · Cited by 27
Tariq, M. H., Sulaiman, S. A. S., Farrukh, M. J., Goh, K. W., & Ming, L. C. (2022) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.956449 · Cited by 27
Development of an 18‐item abbreviated Chinese version of Berger's HIV Stigma Scale
Yu, C., Huang, C., Lee, Y., & Cheng, S. (2018) · International Journal of Nursing Practice · doi:10.1111/ijn.12708 · Cited by 26
Sinclair, S., Jaggi, P., Hack, T. F., McClement, S., & Cuthbertson, L. (2020) · Journal of Nursing Measurement · doi:10.1891/jnm-d-19-00020 · Cited by 27
Design and psychometric evaluation of the fathers’ fear of childbirth scale: a mixed method study
Ghaffari, S. F., Nia, H. S., Elyasi, F., Shahhosseini, Z., & Mohammadpoorsaravimozafar, Z. (2021) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-021-03696-7 · Cited by 25
Hernández-Martínez, A., Martínez-Vázquez, S., Rodríguez-Almagro, J., Khan, K., Delgado-Rodríguez, M., & Martínez-Galiano, J. M. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-85144-2 · Cited by 27
Shafiee, E., MacDermid, J. C., Walton, D. M., Vincent, J. I., & Grewal, R. S. (2021) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2021.1938248 · Cited by 27
Andarge, E., Trevethan, R., & Fikadu, T. (2021) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2021/5511728 · Cited by 26
Lin, J., Wong, C. K. H., Cheung, J. P. Y., et al. (2022) · The European Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1007/s10198-022-01435-z · Cited by 25
Instruments for measuring patient safety competencies in nursing: a scoping review
Mortensen, M., Naustdal, K. I., Uibu, E., Mägi, L., Kangasniemi, M. K., Põlluste, K., & Moi, A. L. (2022) · BMJ Open Quality · doi:10.1136/bmjoq-2021-001751 · Cited by 32
Adaptation of the Psoriatic Arthritis Quality of Life (PsAQoL) instrument for Sweden
Billing, E., McKenna, S., Staun, M., et al. (2010) · Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology · doi:10.3109/03009740903347975 · Cited by 26
Yew, R. Y., Dobson, K. S., Zyphur, M. J., & Kazantzis, N. (2019) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-019-10059-2 · Cited by 26
Ginis, K. A. M., Úbeda-Colomer, J., Alrashidi, A., Nightingale, T. E., Au, J. S., Currie, K. D., Hubli, M., & Krassioukov, A. V. (2020) · Spinal Cord · doi:10.1038/s41393-020-00562-9 · Cited by 25
Nakayama, T., Toyoda, H., Ohno, K., Yoshiike, N., & Futagami, T. (2000) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1023/a:1008940902849 · Cited by 27
Investigating the measurement properties of livability: a scoping review
Dsouza, N., Carroll‐Scott, A., Bilal, U., Headen, I. E., Reis, R. S., & Martínez-Donate, A. P. (2023) · Cities & Health · doi:10.1080/23748834.2023.2202894 · Cited by 25
Metadata
- Authors
- Streiner, D. L., Norman, G. R., & Cairney, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- McMaster University (CA)
- Publisher
- Oxford University PressOxford
- Published
- 2014-11
- OpenAlex
- W2480133395
- Cited by
- 2,564
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 146 · 2025: 232 · 2024: 302 · 2023: 264 · 2022: 280 · 2021: 296 · 2020: 235 · 2019: 176 · 2018: 117 · 2017: 88 · 2016: 58 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 7
- FWCI
- 32.49
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Research and Theory › Health Education and Validation
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Survey Methodology and Nonresponse
- Keywords
- scale development, scale validation, health measurement, item development, response bias, social desirability bias, framing effects, response options, item selection, reliability statistics, validity, research ethics, factor analysis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
