A woman’s choice? The gendered risks of voluntary euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide
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Female patients are notably overrepresented in psychiatric cases, although these comprise a small fraction of total cases.
“For instance, it was shown that female patients are notably overrepresented in psychiatric cases, although these comprise a small fraction of total cases [17,18].”
From Trends in assisted dying among patients with psychiatric disorders and dementia in Belgium: A health registry study (2025) · cites this paper as [18]
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Healthcare Decision Making and the Law: Autonomy, Capacity and the Limits of Liberalism
(2011) · International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance · doi:10.1108/ijhcqa.2011.06224eaa.015 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Duration of death investigations that proceed to inquest in Australia
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Incidence and Prevalence of Reported Euthanasia Cases in Belgium, 2002 to 2023
Wels, J., & Hamarat, N. (2025) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.6841 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Sumner, L. W. (2017) · doi:10.1093/wentk/9780190490188.001.0001 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Sikka, T. (2019) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/0030222819873770 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“…to perspectives on the sanctity of life, distrust of the medical system, concerns about bodily self-determination and control, and consideration of the perspectives of family members (which have been found to be taken into account by women more than men) is key (George, 2007; Miles & August, 2000).”
BackgroundCompassionate K illings: The Case for a Partial Defence
Keating, H., & Bridgeman, J. (2012) · Modern Law Review · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2230.2012.00921.x · Cited by 7 · see citing works
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Richie, C., & Samuel, G. N. (2025) · The Hastings Center Report · doi:10.1002/hast.5008 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
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Sterie, A., Borasio, G. D., Deml, M. J., et al. (2024) · Palliative & Supportive Care · doi:10.1017/s1478951524000361 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“…associated with other concepts such as self-transcendence (Coward 1990, 1991; Fanos et al. 2008), meaning in life (Fegg et al. 2010, 2008; Foley et al. 2007; Wajid et al. 2021), self-sacrifice (Davies 1993; George 2007), and patient resilience in the context of incurable disease (Wasner 2008).”
The Traditional Account of Ethics and Law at the End of Life—and its Discontents
Magnusson, R. (2009) · Journal of Bioethical Inquiry · doi:10.1007/s11673-009-9169-y · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“... of palliative care generally, notwithstanding statutory safeguards that could formalize the involvement of specialized palliative care services as a pre-condition to PAD, then through what pathways might this occur? There has been little attention to this issue, perhaps because most opponents of PAD focus on the s…”
BackgroundWels, J., & Hamarat, N. (2025) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1004522 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“For instance, it was shown that female patients are notably overrepresented in psychiatric cases, although these comprise a small fraction of total cases [17,18].”
Wels, J., & Hamarat, N. (2024) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.10.16.24315619 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Hamarat, N., & Wels, J. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-24839-x · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“However, differences were identified when looking at the specific conditions justifying the euthanasia as female are overrepresented in psychiatric cases [19, 20], although representing a small share of all cases.”
Sumner, L. W. (2017) · doi:10.1093/wentk/9780190490188.003.0002 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Williams versus Kamisar on euthanasia: a classic debate revisited
Keown, J. (2013) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139104159.012 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Medical assistance in dying: A gendered issue in Canada?
Hammond-Thrasher, F. (2020) · Spectrum · doi:10.29173/spectrum93 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
How should we think about death and dying?
Sumner, L. W. (2017) · doi:10.1093/wentk/9780190490188.003.0001
Sumner, L. W. (2017) · doi:10.1093/wentk/9780190490188.003.0008
What is the case in favor of legalization?
Sumner, L. W. (2017) · doi:10.1093/wentk/9780190490188.003.0007
What might lie further down the road?
Sumner, L. W. (2017) · doi:10.1093/wentk/9780190490188.003.0009
How might legalization be achieved?
Sumner, L. W. (2017) · doi:10.1093/wentk/9780190490188.003.0010
What are the options for a legal regime?
Sumner, L. W. (2017) · doi:10.1093/wentk/9780190490188.003.0006
What is the ethical case against?
Sumner, L. W. (2017) · doi:10.1093/wentk/9780190490188.003.0004
Dignity at the End of Life and Decriminalization of Euthanasia
Lafferrière, J. N. (2020) · Ius gentium · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-64163-4_15
Goold, I., & Herring, J. (2014) · doi:10.1007/978-1-137-32747-5_9
Wels, J., & Hamarat, N. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.01.09.25320248
Dadich, A., & Chróinín, D. N. (2025) · Journal of Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1089/jpm.2025.0016
“…11 — as disconnected from gender, or position women as “ suffering ” and distressed, it is important to challenge and diversify understandings and assumptions about women ’ s experiences, perspectives, needs, and preferences regarding voluntary assisted dying 34 and end-of-life care, more broadly.”
Appendix: The Oregon death with dignity act
Sumner, L. W. (2017) · doi:10.1093/wentk/9780190490188.005.0011
Sumner, L. W. (2017) · doi:10.1093/wentk/9780190490188.003.0012
Sumner, L. W. (2017) · doi:10.1093/wentk/9780190490188.002.0004
Autonomy: variations on a principle
Donnelly, M. (2010) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511760679.002
- Authors
- George, K.
- Affiliations
- Western Sydney University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- George, K.
- Venue
- Medical Law Review
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2007-01-10
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-33
- ISSN
- 0967-0742 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-3790
- OpenAlex
- W2053609417
- Cited by
- 32
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 6 · 2024: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Medical Law Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Ethics and bioethics in healthcare
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Medical and Health Sciences Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Palliative and Oncologic Care
- Keywords
- voluntary euthanasia, physician-assisted suicide, gender, women, gendered risk, assisted dying, medical ethics
- MeSH terms
- Altruism, Decision Making, Female, Humans, Male, Netherlands, Oregon, Prejudice, Sex Factors, Violence, Women's Rights, Caregivers, Suicide, Assisted, Feminism, Personal Autonomy, Euthanasia, Active, Voluntary
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