NIHAO IX: the role of gas inflows and outflows in driving the contraction and expansion of cold dark matter haloes
Open accessAbstract
We use ∼100 cosmological galaxy formation ‘zoom-in’ simulations using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics code gasoline to study the effect of baryonic processes on the mass profiles of cold dark matter haloes. The haloes in our study range from dwarf (M200 ∼ 1010 M⊙) to Milky Way (M200 ∼ 1012 M⊙) masses. Our simulations exhibit a wide range of halo responses, primarily varying with mass, from expansion to contraction, with up to factor ∼10 changes in the enclosed dark matter mass at 1 per cent of the virial radius. Confirming previous studies, the halo response is correlated with the integrated efficiency of star formation: ϵSF ≡ (Mstar/M200)/(Ωb/Ωm). In addition, we report a new correlation with the compactness of the stellar system: ϵR ≡ r1/2/R200. We provide an analytic formula depending on ϵSF and ϵR for the response of cold dark matter haloes to baryonic processes. An observationally testable prediction is that, at fixed mass, larger galaxies experience more halo expansion, while the smaller galaxies more halo contraction. This diversity of dark halo response is captured by a toy model consisting of cycles of adiabatic inflow (causing contraction) and impulsive gas outflow (causing expansion). For net outflow, or equal inflow and outflow fractions, f, the overall effect is expansion, with more expansion with larger f. For net inflow, contraction occurs for small f (large radii), while expansion occurs for large f (small radii), recovering the phenomenology seen in our simulations. These regularities in the galaxy formation process provide a step towards a fully predictive model for the structure of cold dark matter haloes.
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These results are in good agreement with other hydrodynamics simulations (NIHAO, IllustrisTNG) which show that, on average, the DM halo is contracted and the amplitude of contraction varies among systems.
“These results are in good agreement with other hydrodynamics simulations, such as NIHAO (Dutton et al. 2016) and IllustrisTNG (Lovell et al. 2018), which also show that, on average, the DM halo is contracted and the amplitude of the contraction varies among different systems.”
From The milky way total mass profile as inferred from Gaia DR2 (2020) · cites this paper as Dutton et al. 2016
Section 4.2 (p. 11) supports variation among NIHAO systems: it reports a wide diversity of halo responses, including expansion. Section 5.4 (pp. 16–17) says strong contraction occurs at high star-formation efficiency, while Milky Way-mass haloes show very little change. The paper therefore does not establish the claimed average contraction across NIHAO haloes. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe response of the DM halo to the baryonic component depends on galaxy assembly history.
“The response of the DM halo to the baryonic component depends on the galaxy assembly history (e.g. Duffy et al. 2010; Dutton et al. 2016; Artale et al. 2019)”
From The milky way total mass profile as inferred from Gaia DR2 (2020) · cites this paper as Dutton et al. 2016
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References 121 · Cited by 100
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- Butsky, I., Macci` o, A. V., Dutton, A. A., et al. 2015, arXiv:1503.04814 · arXiv
- El-Zant, A., Freundlich, J., & Combes, F. 2016, arXiv:1603.00526 · arXiv
- Garrison-Kimmel, S., Bullock, J. S., Boylan-Kolchin, M., & Bard- well, E. 2016, arXiv:1603.04855 · arXiv
- Gutcke, T. A., Stinson, G. S., Macci` o, A. V., Wang, L., & Dutton, A. A. 2016, arXiv:1602.06956 · arXiv
- Pagels, H., & Primack, J. R. 1982, Physical Review Letters, 48, 223
- Spergel, D. N., & Steinhardt, P. J. 2000, Physical Review Letters, 84, 3760
- Wang, L., Dutton, A. A., Stinson, G. S., et al. 2016, arXiv:1601.00967 · arXiv
- Authors
- Dutton, A. A., Macciò, A. V., Dekel, A., Wang, L., Stinson, G., Obreja, A., Di Cintio, A., Brook, C., Buck, T., & Kang, X.
- Affiliations
- New York University Abu Dhabi (AE)
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem (IL)
- Purple Mountain Observatory (CN)
- Max Planck Institute for Astronomy (DE)
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Dutton, Aaron A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2016-06-24
- Volume
- 461
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 2658-2675
- ISSN
- 0035-8711 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2966
- OpenAlex
- W2408708527
- Cited by
- 100
- References
- 121
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 6.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Keywords
- cold dark matter haloes, gas inflow, gas outflows, baryonic processes, halo mass profiles, star formation efficiency, stellar compactness, galaxy formation, dwarf galaxies, Milky Way
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