The DOI matches its Crossref record.
The human growth hormone gene family: structure and evolution of the chromosomal locus
Open accessAbstract
The structure of the human growth hormone gene cluster has been determined over a 78 kilobase region of DNA by the study of two overlapping cosmids. There are two growth hormone genes interspersed with three chorionic somatomammotropin genes, all in the same transcriptional orientation. One of the growth hormone genes lies in an active chromatin conformation in the pituitary and at least one of the chorionic somatomammotropin genes lies in an active chromatin conformation in the placenta. The two groups of genes are highly homologous throughout their 5' flanking and coding sequences, but diverge in their 3' flanking regions which raises the paradox of how genes so similar in structural and flanking sequences can be so differentially regulated. Analysis of the sequences of the genes and identification of at least three different classes of duplication units interspersed throughout the five gene cluster suggests that the cluster evolved quite recently and that the mechanism of gene duplication involved homologous but unequal exchange between middle repetitive elements of the Alu family.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Production of transgenic rabbits, sheep and pigs by microinjection
Hammer, R. E., Pursel, V. G., Rexroad, C. E., Wall, R. J., Bolt, D. J., Ebert, K. M., Palmiter, R. D., & Brinster, R. L. (1985) · Nature · doi:10.1038/315680a0 · Cited by 1,076
Eukaryotic transposable elements and genome evolution
Finnegan, D. J. (1989) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/0168-9525(89)90039-5 · Cited by 850
Metallothionein-Human GH Fusion Genes Stimulate Growth of Mice
Palmiter, R. D., Norstedt, G., Gelinas, R. E., Hammer, R. E., & Brinster, R. L. (1983) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.6356363 · Cited by 676
Self-citationGrowth hormone — past, present and future
Ranke, M. B., & Wit, J. M. (2018) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2018.22 · Cited by 346
Human placental growth hormone
Alsat, E., Guibourdenche, J., Luton, D., Frankenne, F., & Evain-Brion, D. (1997) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(97)70103-0 · Cited by 113
Metadata
- Authors
- Barsh, G. S., Seeburg, P. H., & Gelinas, R. E.
- Venue
- Nucleic Acids Research
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1983
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 3939-3958
- ISSN
- 0305-1048 (ISSN-L)
- 1362-4962
- OpenAlex
- W2028477931
- Cited by
- 211
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 12.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The human growth hormone gene family: structure and evolution of the chromosomal locus. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/nar/11.12.3939
- The paper
- Barsh, G. S., Seeburg, P. H., & Gelinas, R. E. (1983). The human growth hormone gene family: structure and evolution of the chromosomal locus. Nucleic Acids Research. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/11.12.3939
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
