RegulonDB (version 5.0): Escherichia coli K-12 transcriptional regulatory network, operon organization, and growth conditions
Open accessAbstract
RegulonDB is the internationally recognized reference database of Escherichia coli K-12 offering curated knowledge of the regulatory network and operon organization. It is currently the largest electronically-encoded database of the regulatory network of any free-living organism. We present here the recently launched RegulonDB version 5.0 radically different in content, interface design and capabilities. Continuous curation of original scientific literature provides the evidence behind every single object and feature. This knowledge is complemented with comprehensive computational predictions across the complete genome. Literature-based and predicted data are clearly distinguished in the database. Starting with this version, RegulonDB public releases are synchronized with those of EcoCyc since our curation supports both databases. The complex biology of regulation is simplified in a navigation scheme based on three major streams: genes, operons and regulons. Regulatory knowledge is directly available in every navigation step. Displays combine graphic and textual information and are organized allowing different levels of detail and biological context. This knowledge is the backbone of an integrated system for the graphic display of the network, graphic and tabular microarray comparisons with curated and predicted objects, as well as predictions across bacterial genomes, and predicted networks of functionally related gene products. Access RegulonDB at http://regulondb.ccg.unam.mx.
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WGCNA and ARACNE perform best at defining the network structure of Escherichia coli.
“A comparison between these tools and others, including WGCNA, showed that WGCNA and ARACNE perform best at defining the network structure of Escherichia coli [130], for which a well-defined regulatory network was used as a gold standard [131].”
From Gene co-expression analysis for functional classification and gene–disease predictions (2017) · cites this paper as [131]
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Philippe, N., Pélosi, L., Lenski, R. E., & Schneider, D. (2008) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.01419-08 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Introduction to systems biology
Bruggeman, F. J., Hornberg, J. J., Boogerd, F. C., & Westerhoff, H. V. (2007) · Birkhäuser Basel eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-7643-7439-6_1 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Pauling, J., Röttger, R., Tauch, A., Azevedo, V., & Baumbach, J. (2011) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkr883 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Transcriptional regulation shapes the organization of genes on bacterial chromosomes
Janga, S. C., Salgado, H., & Martínez‐Antonio, A. (2009) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkp231 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationPrinciples of transcriptional regulation and evolution of the metabolic system inE. coliPreprint
Seshasayee, A. S. N., Fraser, G. M., Babu, M. M., & Luscombe, N. M. (2008) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.079715.108 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
SutA is a bacterial transcription factor expressed during slow growth in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Babin, B. M., Bergkessel, M., Sweredoski, M. J., Moradian, A., Hess, S. Y., Newman, D. K., & Tirrell, D. A. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1514412113 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Gains and unexpected lessons from genome-scale promoter mapping
Shavkunov, K. S., Masulis, I. S., Tutukina, M. N., Деев, А. Д., & Ozoline, O. N. (2009) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkp490 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Motamedian, E., Mohammadi, M., Shojaosadati, S. A., & Heydari, M. (2016) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btw772 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Defrance, M., Janky, R., Sand, O., & van Helden, J. (2008) · Nature Protocols · doi:10.1038/nprot.2008.98 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Michoel, T., Smet, R. D., Joshi, A., de Peer, Y. V., & Kathleen Marchal, D. (2009) · BMC Systems Biology · doi:10.1186/1752-0509-3-49 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Genetic Networks and Soft Computing
Mitra, S., Das, R., & Hayashi, Y. (2009) · IEEE Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics · doi:10.1109/tcbb.2009.39 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
CompareSVM: supervised, Support Vector Machine (SVM) inference of gene regularity networks
Gillani, Z., Akash, M. S. H., Rahaman, M. M., & Chen, M. (2014) · BMC Bioinformatics · doi:10.1186/s12859-014-0395-x · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Measuring partial balance in signed networks
Aref, S., & Wilson, M. C. (2017) · Journal of Complex Networks · doi:10.1093/comnet/cnx044 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Genomic arrangement of bacterial operons is constrained by biological pathways encoded in the genome
Yin, Y.-B., Zhang, H., Olman, V., & Xu, Y. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · doi:10.1073/pnas.0911237107 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
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Davids, W., & Zhang, Z. (2008) · BMC Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-23 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
SYSTOMONAS -- an integrated database for systems biology analysis of Pseudomonas
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Global analysis of gene transcription regulation in prokaryotes
Zhou, D., & Yang, R. (2006) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-006-6184-6 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Universal patterns of purifying selection at noncoding positions in bacteriaPreprint
Molina, N., & van Nimwegen, E. (2007) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.6759507 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Balance and frustration in signed networks
Aref, S., & Wilson, M. (2019) · MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Automatic reconstruction of a bacterial regulatory network using Natural Language Processing
Rodriguez-Penagos, C. G., Salgado, H., Martínez‐Flores, I., & Collado‐Vides, J. (2007) · BMC Bioinformatics · doi:10.1186/1471-2105-8-293 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationLemmens, K., Bie, T. D., Dhollander, T., Keersmaecker, S. C. J. D., Thijs, I. M. V., Schoofs, G., Weerdt, A. D., Moor, B. D., Vanderleyden, J., Collado‐Vides, J., et al. (2009) · Genome biology · doi:10.1186/gb-2009-10-3-r27 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Determining the distance to monotonicity of a biological network: a graph-theoretical approach
Iacono, G., Ramezani, F., Soranzo, N., & Altafini, C. (2010) · IET Systems Biology · doi:10.1049/iet-syb.2009.0040 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Compressed Adjacency Matrices: Untangling Gene Regulatory Networks
Dinkla, K., Westenberg, M. A., & van Wijk, J. J. (2012) · IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics · doi:10.1109/tvcg.2012.208 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
- Authors
- Salgado, H.
- Affiliations
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (MX)
- Corresponding author
- Salgado, H.
- ORCID
- Salgado, H.
- Venue
- Nucleic Acids Research
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2006-01-01
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 90001
- Pages
- D394-D397
- ISSN
- 0305-1048 (ISSN-L)
- 1362-4962
- PMC
- PMC1347518
- OpenAlex
- W2146856779
- Cited by
- 368
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 28.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Nucleic Acids Research (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Figshare (cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM062205, GM62205-02)
- National Center for Research Resources (1-R01-RR07861, R01RR007861)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gene Regulatory Network Analysis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
- Keywords
- RegulonDB, Escherichia coli K-12, transcriptional regulatory networks, operon organization, regulon, gene expression regulation, literature curation, EcoCyc, microarray comparison, functional gene networks
- MeSH terms
- Operon, Software, Transcription, Genetic, User-Computer Interface, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, Genome, Bacterial, Regulon, Internet, Databases, Genetic, Escherichia coli K12
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