Functional analysis of microRNAs during the retinoic acid-induced neuronal differentiation of human NT2 cells
Open accessAbstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are phylogenetically widespread small RNAs in animals and plants. These small RNAs can regulate a gene expression at a translational level and play roles during the development of C. elegans, D. melanogaster and plants. Although more than two hundred miRNAs have been found in mammals, the target mRNAs of miRNAs is unknown. Recently, we identified Hes1, bHLH transcriptional repressor, as a target of miR-23 in NT2 cells. In this study, we further investigate that the expression of Hes1 is regulated by miR-23 during the retinoic acid (RA)-induced neural differentiation of NT2 cells. Reduction in the level of miR-23 by siRNAs resulted in the accumulation of Hes1 in differentiated NT2 cells. Moreover, a reduction in the level of miR-23 by siRNA-miR-23 affected the RA-induced neural differentiation of NT2 cells. Thus, our results indicate that miR-23 has a critical role in the RA-induced neuronal differentiation of NT2 cells.
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Regulation of neural development by miR-23 is probably achieved through the combined action of other miRNAs.
“It indicates that the regulation of neural development by miR-23 is probably achieved through the combined action of other miRNAs.”
From Recent advances of miR-23 in human diseases and growth development (2025) · cites this paper as [130]
The Results and Discussion (page not supplied) say that miR-23 plays a critical role in retinoic-acid-induced neuronal differentiation of NT2 cells. The paper does not say that this role is achieved through combined action with other miRNAs; searches for combined action and cooperation found no such passage. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredExpression level of Hes1 increases, ultimately hindering neuronal differentiation of P19 cells induced by retinoic acid.
“The expression level of Hes1 increases, ultimately hindering neuronal differentiation of P19 cells induced by the retinoic acid [[129], [130], [131]].”
From Recent advances of miR-23 in human diseases and growth development (2025) · cites this paper as [130]
The Results and Discussion (page not specified in the supplied copy) report increased Hes1 protein and failure of retinoic-acid-induced neural differentiation after miR-23 was reduced. Those experiments used human NT2 cells, not P19 cells, and the paper does not establish that increased Hes1 itself caused the failure to differentiate. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredHes1 is also directly targeted by miR-124, and knockdown of miR-124 levels mediated by locked nucleic acids is similar to the effect of miR-23 inhibition.
“Hes1 is also directly targeted by miR-124, and the knockdown of miR-124 levels mediated by locked nucleic acids is similar to the effect of miR-23 inhibition.”
From Recent advances of miR-23 in human diseases and growth development (2025) · cites this paper as [130]
The Results and Discussion (page unavailable in our copy) report that inhibiting miR-23 with synthetic siRNA increased Hes1 protein and impeded neuronal differentiation. The paper does not report that miR-124 directly targets Hes1, or test locked-nucleic-acid knockdown of miR-124 against the effect of miR-23 inhibition. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredDecrease in miR-23 levels can lead to accumulation of Hes1 during retinal acid-induced neural differentiation in NT2 cells, which in turn affects neural differentiation.
“The decrease in miR-23 levels can lead to the accumulation of Hes1 during retinal acid-induced neural differentiation in NT2 cells, which in turn affects neural differentiation.”
From Recent advances of miR-23 in human diseases and growth development (2025) · cites this paper as [130]
Hes1 is an authentic target of miR-23.
“A basic helix-loop-helix transcriptional repressor, named Hes1, is an authentic target of miR-23.”
From Recent advances of miR-23 in human diseases and growth development (2025) · cites this paper as [130]
miR-23 has the ability to affect neural differentiation.
“miR-23 has the ability to affect neural differentiation.”
From Recent advances of miR-23 in human diseases and growth development (2025) · cites this paper as [130]
miR-23 is specifically expressed in astrocytes of the adult brain and is one of the miRNAs highly expressed in neurons during brain development.
“miR-23 is specifically expressed in astrocytes of the adult brain and is one of the miRNAs that are highly expressed in neurons during brain development.”
From Recent advances of miR-23 in human diseases and growth development (2025) · cites this paper as [130]
The Results and Discussion describe miR-23’s role in retinoic acid-induced differentiation of human NT2 cells, not its expression in brain cell types. Searches for adult-brain astrocytes and highly expressing neurons during brain development found no passage addressing either claim; the copy provides no page numbers. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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Cited by 31
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Kawasaki, H. and Taira, K. (2003) Nature. in press.
- Authors
- Kawasaki, H., & Taira, K.
- Affiliations
- The University of Tokyo (JP)
- ORCID
- Kawasaki, H.
- Venue
- Nucleic Acids Symposium Series
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2003-09-01
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 243-244
- ISSN
- 0261-3166 (ISSN-L)
- 1746-8272
- OpenAlex
- W2121019724
- Cited by
- 31
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 25.83
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nucleic Acids Symposium Series (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › MicroRNA in disease regulation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Keywords
- microRNA, miR-23, retinoic acid, neuronal differentiation, NT2 cells, Hes1, bHLH transcription factors, translational regulation, siRNA knockdown, neural development
- MeSH terms
- Cell Differentiation, Cell Line, Humans, Neurons, Tretinoin, MicroRNAs
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