Cited by 316Glioma Diagnosis and TreatmentGlobal Cancer Incidence and ScreeningBrain Metastases and Treatment

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Risk factors for childhood and adult primary brain tumors

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Ostrom, Quinn T, Fahmideh, Maral Adel, Cote, David J, Muskens, Ivo S, Schraw, Jeremy M, Scheurer, Michael E, Bondy, Melissa L·2019·Neuro-Oncology

DOI 10.1093/neuonc/noz123PMC PMC6827837

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Abstract

Primary brain tumors account for ~1% of new cancer cases and ~2% of cancer deaths in the United States; however, they are the most commonly occurring solid tumors in children. These tumors are very heterogeneous and can be broadly classified into malignant and benign (or non-malignant), and specific histologies vary in frequency by age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Epidemiological studies have explored numerous potential risk factors, and thus far the only validated associations for brain tumors are ionizing radiation (which increases risk in both adults and children) and history of allergies (which decreases risk in adults). Studies of genetic risk factors have identified 32 germline variants associated with increased risk for these tumors in adults (25 in glioma, 2 in meningioma, 3 in pituitary adenoma, and 2 in primary CNS lymphoma), and further studies are currently under way for other histologic subtypes, as well as for various childhood brain tumors. While identifying risk factors for these tumors is difficult due to their rarity, many existing datasets can be leveraged for future discoveries in multi-institutional collaborations. Many institutions are continuing to develop large clinical databases including pre-diagnostic risk factor data, and developments in molecular characterization of tumor subtypes continue to allow for investigation of more refined phenotypes. Key Point 1. Brain tumors are a heterogeneous group of tumors that vary significantly in incidence by age, sex, and race/ethnicity.2. The only well-validated risk factors for brain tumors are ionizing radiation (which increases risk in adults and children) and history of allergies (which decreases risk).3. Genome-wide association studies have identified 32 histology-specific inherited genetic variants associated with increased risk of these tumors.

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Authors: Ostrom, Q. T., Fahmideh, M. A., Cote, D. J., Muskens, I. S., Schraw, J. M., Scheurer, M. E., & Bondy, M. L.
Affiliations: Baylor College of Medicine (US)
Karolinska University Hospital (SE)
Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
University of Southern California (US)
Corresponding author: Ostrom, Quinn T
ORCID: Ostrom, Quinn T
Fahmideh, Maral Adel
Muskens, Ivo S
Schraw, Jeremy M
Scheurer, Michael E
Bondy, Melissa L
Venue: Neuro-Oncology
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2019-07-12
Volume: 21
Issue: 11
Pages: 1357-1375
ISSN: 1522-8517 (ISSN-L)
1523-5866
DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz123
PMC: PMC6827837
OpenAlex: W2961422708
Cited by: 314
References: 165
Citations by year: 2026: 29 · 2025: 54 · 2024: 68 · 2023: 64 · 2022: 49 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 2
FWCI: 3.01
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor, 1 d)
Locations: Neuro-Oncology (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (RP160097T)
National Institutes of Health (T32 CA 009001, R01CA194189)
Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited (115766)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Brain Metastases and Treatment
Keywords: primary brain tumors, pediatric brain tumors, adult brain tumors, risk factors, ionizing radiation exposure, allergy history, germline genetic variants, glioma, meningioma, pituitary adenoma, primary central nervous system lymphoma, tumor histology, genome-wide association study
MeSH terms: Adult, Brain Neoplasms, Child, Humans, Risk Factors

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