The DOI matches its Crossref record; 254 of the 254 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Risks and benefits of consuming edible seaweeds
Open accessAbstract
Recent interest in seaweeds as a source of macronutrients, micronutrients, and bioactive components has highlighted prospective applications within the functional food and nutraceutical industries, with impetus toward the alleviation of risk factors associated with noncommunicable diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. This narrative review summarizes the nutritional composition of edible seaweeds; evaluates the evidence regarding the health benefits of whole seaweeds, extracted bioactive components, and seaweed-based food products in humans; and assesses the potential adverse effects of edible seaweeds, including those related to ingestion of excess iodine and arsenic. If the potential functional food and nutraceutical applications of seaweeds are to be realized, more evidence from human intervention studies is needed to evaluate the nutritional benefits of seaweeds and the efficacy of their purported bioactive components. Mechanistic evidence, in particular, is imperative to substantiate health claims.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Mitigation strategies increasingly emphasize improved coastal monitoring, avoidance of harvesting from contaminated waters, and the adoption of post-harvest treatments such as boiling and soaking, which can reduce certain metal concentrations [237].”
From Navigating the potential of algal peptides: health effects, market applications, and scientific challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [237]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Items 201–254 of 254
Safety of Ecklonia cava phlorotannins as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 258/97
EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, N. A. A. (., Turck, D., Bresson, J., et al. (2017) · EFSA Journal · doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2017.5003 · Cited by 51
Parjikolaei, B. R., Bruhn, A., Eybye, K. L., Larsen, M. M., Rasmussen, M. B., Christensen, K. V., & Fretté, X. C. (2016) · Natural Resources · doi:10.4236/nr.2016.74016 · Cited by 50
Marinho, G. S., Holdt, S. L., Jacobsen, C., & Angelidaki, İ. (2015) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md13074357 · Cited by 49
A Case‐Control Study of Single and Multiple Stomach Cancers in Saitama Prefecture, Japan
Hoshiyama, Y., & Sasaba, T. (1992) · Japanese Journal of Cancer Research · doi:10.1111/j.1349-7006.1992.tb02004.x · Cited by 49
Nicola, J. P., Reyna‐Neyra, A., Carrasco, N., & Masini-Repiso, A. M. (2012) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2012.241307 · Cited by 48
Ren, R., Azuma, Y., Ojima, T., Hashimoto, T., Mizuno, M., Nishitani, Y., Yoshida, M., Azuma, T., & Kanazawa, K. (2013) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s000711451200606x · Cited by 48
Yotsu-Yamashita, M., Yasumoto, T., Yamada, S., Bajarias, F. F. A., Formeloza, M. A., Romero, M. L., & Fukuyo, Y. (2004) · Chemical Research in Toxicology · doi:10.1021/tx0498556 · Cited by 48
Bai, S., Chen, H., Zhu, L., Liu, W., Yu, H. D., Wang, X., & Yin, Y. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0171576 · Cited by 47
A first report of rare earth elements in northwestern Mediterranean seaweeds
Squadrone, S., Brizio, P., Battuello, M., et al. (2017) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.06.048 · Cited by 47
Miyake, Y., Sasaki, S., Ohya, Y., Miyamoto, S., Matsunaga, I., Yoshida, T., Hirota, Y., & Oda, H. (2006) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2005.11.010 · Cited by 45
Total and inorganic arsenic in fish, seafood and seaweeds--exposure assessment.
Mania, M., Rebeniak, M., Szynal, T., Wojciechowska-Mazurek, M., Starska, K., Ledzion, E., & Postupolski, J. (2015) · PubMed · Cited by 45
Transient Hyperthyroidism in a Patient Taking Dietary Supplements Containing Kelp
Eliason, B. C. (1998) · The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine · doi:10.3122/jabfm.11.6.478 · Cited by 43
Effects of Kelp Supplementation on Thyroid Function in Euthyroid Subjects
Clark, C. D., Bassett, B., & Burge, M. R. (2003) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep.9.5.363 · Cited by 42
Iodine-Induced Thyrotoxicosis After Ingestion of Kelp-Containing Tea
Müssig, K., Thamer, C., Bares, R., Lipp, H., Häring, H., & Gallwitz, B. (2006) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00416.x · Cited by 42
Khan, F., Momtaz, S., Niaz, K., Hassan, F. I., & Abdollahi, M. R. (2017) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2017.07.021 · Cited by 42
Allsopp, P. J., Crowe, W., Bahar, B., Harnedy, P. A., Brown, E. S., Sonja, S. T., Smyth, T. J., Soler‐Vila, A., Magee, P. J., Gill, C. I. R., et al. (2015) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-015-1011-1 · Cited by 41
Self-citationCian, R. E., Garzón, A. G., Betancur‐Ancona, D., et al. (2016) · Plant Foods for Human Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s11130-016-0533-x · Cited by 40
Prebiotic evaluation of red seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) using in vitro colon model
Bajury, D. M., Rawi, M. H., Sazali, I. H., Abdullah, A., & Sarbini, S. R. (2017) · International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/09637486.2017.1309522 · Cited by 40
The Role of Alginates in Regulation of Food Intake and Glycemia: A Gastroenterological Perspective
Khoury, D. T. D. E., Goff, H. D., & Anderson, G. H. (2013) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2012.700654 · Cited by 39
Park, S., & Lee, B.-K. (2012) · Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00244-012-9808-x · Cited by 35
Bioavailability of Dried Asakusanori (Porphyra tenera) as a Source of Cobalamin (Vitamin B12)
Yamada, Yamada, Fukuda, & Yamada (1999) · International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research · doi:10.1024/0300-9831.69.6.412 · Cited by 35
AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF FRESH AND COOKED BEEF CUTS
Greenwood, D. A., Kraybill, H. R., & Schweigert, B. S. (1951) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)52423-1 · Cited by 34
Park, J.-H., Jeong, H.-J., LEE, J. S., et al. (2014) · Epidemiology and Infection · doi:10.1017/s0950268814001332 · Cited by 34
EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, N. A. A. (. (2011) · EFSA Journal · doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2069 · Cited by 34
Wang, C., Yatsuya, H., Li, Y., Ota, A., Tamakoshi, K., Fujino, Y., Mikami, H., Iso, H., & Tamakoshi, A. (2016) · European Journal of Cancer Prevention · doi:10.1097/cej.0000000000000168 · Cited by 33
Foodborne intoxication associated with seaweed
Haddock, R. L., & Cruz, O. T. B. (1991) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(91)90194-t · Cited by 33
Amino acid composition of some common seaweeds.
Qasim, R. (1991) · PubMed · Cited by 33
Siddique, M. A. M. (2013) · Journal of FisheriesSciences com · doi:10.3153/jfscom.2013018 · Cited by 32
Lim, Y.-S., Lee, S.-W., Tserendejid, Z., et al. (2015) · Nutrition Research and Practice · doi:10.4162/nrp.2015.9.5.539 · Cited by 32
Insulinotrophic and hypolipidemic effects of Ecklonia cava in streptozotocin–induced diabetic mice
Kim, M., & Kim, H. K. (2012) · Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine · doi:10.1016/s1995-7645(12)60062-5 · Cited by 31
Lim, S. J., Mustapha, W. A. W., & Maskat, M. Y. (2017) · Sains Malaysiana · doi:10.17576/jsm-2017-4609-28 · Cited by 31
Llop, S., López-Espinosa, M.-J., Murcia, M., Álvarez‐Pedrerol, M., Vioqué, J., Aguinagalde, X., Júlvez, J., Aurrekoetxea, J. J., Espada, M., Santa‐Marina, L., et al. (2015) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2015.02.026 · Cited by 30
In vitro determination of digestible and unavailable protein in edible seaweeds
Goñi, I., Gudiel‐Urbano, M., & Saura-Calixto, F. D. (2002) · Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture · doi:10.1002/jsfa.1270 · Cited by 30
Zhao, Y., Wu, J., Shang, D., Ning, J., Ding, H., & Zhai, Y. (2014) · International Journal of Food Science · doi:10.1155/2014/436347 · Cited by 29
Extraction and Enrichment of Protein from Red and Green Macroalgae
Harnedy, P. A., & Fitzgerald, R. J. (2015) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2684-8_4 · Cited by 29
Iodine Excretion in 24-hour Urine Collection and Its Dietary Determinants in Healthy Japanese Adults
Katagiri, R., Asakura, K., Uechi, K., Masayasu, S., & Sasaki, S. (2016) · Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.2188/jea.je20150245 · Cited by 28
Zhao, Y., Shang, D., Ning, J., & Zhai, Y. (2012) · Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability · doi:10.3184/095422912x13404690516133 · Cited by 26
Teas, J., Irhimeh, M. R., Druker, S. K., Hurley, T. G., Hébert, J. R., Savarese, T. M., & Kurzer, M. S. (2011) · Nutrition and Cancer · doi:10.1080/01635581.2011.579383 · Cited by 25
Pirian, K., Piri, K., Sohrabipour, J., et al. (2016) · Fundamental and Applied Limnology / Archiv für Hydrobiologie · doi:10.1127/fal/2016/0947 · Cited by 24
Effects of Ecklonia cava Polyphenol in Individuals with Hypercholesterolemia: A Pilot Study
Lee, D. H., Park, M. Y., Shim, B. J., Youn, H., Hwang, H. J., Shin, H., & Jeon, H. K. (2012) · Journal of Medicinal Food · doi:10.1089/jmf.2011.1996 · Cited by 23
Extraction Optimization for Phlorotannin Recovery from the Edible Brown SeaweedEcklonia Cava
Yoon, M., Kim, J., Um, M. Y., Yang, H., Kim, J., Kim, Y. T., Lee, C.-H., Kim, S., Kwon, S., & Cho, S. (2017) · Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology · doi:10.1080/10498850.2017.1313348 · Cited by 21
Serum Vitamin B12 Levels in Young Vegans Who Eat Brown Rice.
Suzuki, H. (1995) · Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology · doi:10.3177/jnsv.41.587 · Cited by 20
SEASONALITY OF SELECTED NUTRITIONAL CONSTITUENTS OF EDIBLE DELMARVA SEAWEEDS
Madden, M. L., Mitra, M., Ruby, D. E., & Schwarz, J. (2012) · Journal of Phycology · doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2012.01207.x · Cited by 18
Burger, J., Gochfeld, M., Jeitner, C. W., Donio, M., & Pittfield, T. (2012) · Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health · doi:10.1080/15287394.2012.652058 · Cited by 17
The in vitro digestibility and absorption of magnesium in some edible seaweeds
Nakamura, E., Yokota, H., & Matsui, T. (2012) · Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture · doi:10.1002/jsfa.5626 · Cited by 17
Adequacy of iodine intake in three different Japanese adult dietary patterns: a nationwide study
Katagiri, R., Asakura, K., Uechi, K., et al. (2015) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/s12937-015-0116-y · Cited by 17
Digestibility and Energy Availability of Wakame(Undaria pinnatifida) Seaweed in Japanese.
Yamada, Y., Miyoshi, T., Tanada, S., & Imaki, M. (1991) · Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi (Japanese Journal of Hygiene) · doi:10.1265/jjh.46.788 · Cited by 15
Seaweeds from the Portuguese coast: A potential food resource?
Soares, C. M. D., Machado, S., Vieira, E. F., Morais, S., Oliva-Teles, M. T., Correia, M., CARVALHO, A. P. F. D., Domingues, V. F., Ramalhosa, M. J., Delerue-Matos, C. M., et al. (2017) · IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering · doi:10.1088/1757-899x/231/1/012126 · Cited by 14
Anticoagulant Activity and Mechanism of Non-Anticoagulant Sulfated Polysaccharides
Dockal, M., Till, S., Knappe, S., et al. (2011) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v118.21.1208.1208 · Cited by 7
(2016) · International Journal of Biosciences (IJB) · doi:10.12692/ijb/9.4.114-122 · Cited by 7
The carotene, carotenoid and chlorophyll contents of some Scottish seaweeds
Owen, E. C. (1954) · Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture · doi:10.1002/jsfa.2740050910 · Cited by 6
EVALUATION OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SEAWEED, CAULERPA RACEMOSA
Mandlik, R. V., Naik, S. R., & Tatiya, A. U. (2014) · International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy · doi:10.7897/2277-4343.054109 · Cited by 4
Public health and carrageenan regulation: a review and analysis
Watson, D. B. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9619-8_8 · Cited by 3
Author Correction: Distinct arsenic metabolites following seaweed consumption in humans
Taylor, V. F., Li, Z., Sayarath, V., et al. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-22625-x · Cited by 1
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- Kokilam, 2014, Biochemical and phytochemical analysis on Ulva fasciata and Caulerpa taxifolia, Int J Pharm Sci Res, 4, 7
- Probst, 2015, Sustainable Safe, and Nutritious Food: New Nutrient Sources
- EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies, 2010, Scientific opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to dietary fibre pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006, EFSA J, 8
- Office of Nutrition and Food Labeling, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 2016, Science Review of Isolated and Synthetic Non-Digestible Carbohydrates
- EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources Added to Food, 2016, Scientific opinion on the re-evaluation of agar (E 406) as a food additive, EFSA J, 14
- 2016, Assessment of dietary sodium for adults (19 to 64 years) in Northern Ireland.
- Food Standards Australia New Zealand, 2016, Imported Food Risk Statement: Hijiki Seaweed and Inorganic Arsenic
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Bioactive Polysaccharides from Seaweeds
Hentati, F., Tounsi, L., Djomdi, D., Pierre, G., Delattre, C., Ursu, A. V., Fendri, I., Abdelkafi, S., & Michaud, P. (2020) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules25143152 · Cited by 254
Algae as Food in Europe: An Overview of Species Diversity and Their Application
Mendes, M., Navalho, S., Ferreira, A., Paulino, C., Figueiredo, D., Silva, D., Gao, F., Gama, F., Bombo, G., Jacinto, R., et al. (2022) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods11131871 · Cited by 234
Evaluation and Characterization of Alginate Extracted from Brown Seaweed Collected in the Red Sea
Rashedy, S. H., Abd El Hafez, M. S. M., Dar, M. A., Cotas, J., & Pereira, L. (2021) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app11146290 · Cited by 135
Heavy metals and potential risks in edible seaweed on the market in Italy
Filippini, M., Baldisserotto, A., Menotta, S., Fedrizzi, G., Rubini, S., Gigliotti, D., Valpiani, G., Buzzi, R., Manfredini, S., & Vertuani, S. (2021) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127983 · Cited by 122
Karabulut, G., Purkiewicz, A., & Goksen, G. (2024) · Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety · doi:10.1111/1541-4337.13372 · Cited by 85
Metadata
- Authors
- Cherry, P., O’Hara, C., Magee, P. J., McSorley, E. M., & Allsopp, P. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Ulster (GB)
- Government of Ireland (IE)
- Corresponding author
- Allsopp, Philip J
- Venue
- Nutrition Reviews
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2019-03-06
- Volume
- 77
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 307-329
- ISSN
- 0029-6643 (ISSN-L)
- 1753-4887
- PMC
- PMC6551690
- OpenAlex
- W2921032626
- Cited by
- 440
- References
- 254
- Citations by year
- 2026: 56 · 2025: 67 · 2024: 70 · 2023: 63 · 2022: 66 · 2021: 65 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 7
- FWCI
- 2.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrition Reviews (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Ulster University Research Portal (Ulster University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine (13F511)
- Department for Employment and Learning Northern Ireland
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Seaweed-derived Bioactive Compounds
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine and coastal plant biology
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Keywords
- edible seaweeds, nutritional composition, bioactive compounds, functional foods, nutraceuticals, non-communicable diseases, obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, iodine excess, arsenic, health claims, seaweed-based food products
- MeSH terms
- Diet, Humans, Nutritive Value, Plants, Edible, Seaweed, Risk Assessment, Dietary Supplements, Functional Food
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
