Recent developments and challenges in algal protein and peptide extraction strategies, functional and technological properties, bioaccessibility, and commercial applications
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The burgeoning demand for protein, exacerbated by population growth and recent disruptions in the food supply chain, has prompted a rapid exploration of sustainable protein alternatives. Among these alternatives, algae stand out for their environmental benefits, rapid growth, and rich protein content. However, the widespread adoption of algae‐derived proteins faces significant challenges. These include issues related to harvesting, safety, scalability, high cost, standardization, commercialization, and regulatory hurdles. Particularly daunting is the efficient extraction of algal proteins, as their resilient cell walls contain approximately 70% of the protein content, with conventional methods accessing only a fraction of this. Overcoming this challenge necessitates the development of cost‐effective, scalable, and environmentally friendly cell disruption techniques capable of breaking down these rigid cell walls, often laden with viscous polysaccharides. Various approaches, including physical, chemical, and enzymatic methods, offer potential solutions, albeit with varying efficacy depending on the specific algal strain and energy transfer efficiency. Moreover, there remains a pressing need for further research to elucidate the functional, technological, and bioaccessible properties of algal proteins and peptides, along with exploring their diverse commercial applications. Despite these obstacles, algae hold considerable promise as a sustainable protein source, offering a pathway to meet the escalating nutritional demands of a growing global population. This review highlights the nutritional, technological, and functional aspects of algal proteins and peptides while underscoring the challenges hindering their widespread adoption. It emphasizes the critical importance of establishing a sustainable trajectory for food production, with algae playing a pivotal role in this endeavor.
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Macroalgae have traditionally been consumed in many coastal and Asian populations and can be cultivated at relatively low cost using open-water farming systems that do not require arable land, freshwater, or energy-intensive infrastructure.
“Macroalgae have traditionally been consumed in many coastal and Asian populations and can be cultivated at relatively low cost using open-water farming systems that do not require arable land, freshwater, or energy-intensive infrastructure [176,192].”
From Navigating the potential of algal peptides: health effects, market applications, and scientific challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [176]
Microalgae cultivation often relies on controlled photobioreactors or pond systems with higher capital and operational costs.
“In contrast, microalgae cultivation often relies on controlled photobioreactors or pond systems with higher capital and operational costs [176].”
From Navigating the potential of algal peptides: health effects, market applications, and scientific challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [176]
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- Authors
- Karabulut, G., Purkiewicz, A., & Goksen, G.
- Affiliations
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sakarya University Sakarya Türkiye
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn (PL)
- Department of Food Technology, Vocational School of Technical Sciences at Mersin Tarsus Organized Industrial Zone Tarsus University Mersin Türkiye
- Venue
- Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2024-05
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- e13372-e13372
- ISSN
- 1541-4337 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4399008436
- Cited by
- 85
- References
- 171
- Citations by year
- 2026: 43 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 2
- FWCI
- 3.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Seaweed-derived Bioactive Compounds
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Hydrolysis and Bioactive Peptides
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Proteins in Food Systems
- Keywords
- algal proteins, protein extraction, cell wall damage, bioaccessibility, functional properties, technological properties, sustainable protein, alternative protein sources, commercialization, regulatory challenges
- MeSH terms
- Peptides, Algal Proteins
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