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The Internet and Political Protest in Autocracies
Abstract
In the aftermath of recent popular uprisings in dictatorships, many observers argued that information and communication technologies, notably the Internet, played a key role in the mobilization of political protest. This book unpacks when and under which circumstances Internet technology can benefit opposition activists aiming to mobilize protests, and when the technology plays into the hands of autocratic governments. Since autocratic governments enjoy a high degree of control over the introduction and expansion of Internet technology and over digital communication ows, the book argues that it should help them keep levels of protest low in the long-term. However, once protest has started, short-term government intervention becomes more difficult, which is why Internet technology can catalyze ongoing episodes of unrest. The book presents detailed empirical analyses of the relationship between the use of Internet technology and protest in autocracies. By leveraging new sub-national data on political protest and Internet penetration, these analysis cover more than sixty autocratic countries at the level of cities. The results show that higher levels of Internet penetration in cities reduce the overall occurrence of protest in dictatorships, but once protest has started, the Internet contributes to the continuation of protest in the same city as well as its diffusion to other locations. By examining the use of the Internet by governments in relation to other means of autocratic repression, the book also demonstrates the technological modernization of autocratic politics, where digital repression via the Internet partly substitutes traditional forms of political control.
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In the citing paper
“Similarly, evidence also suggests that increased internet coverage reduces mobilization (Weidmann & Rød, 2019)”
From How Dictators Control the Internet: A Review Essay (2020) · cites this paper as Weidmann & Rød, 2019
In the citing paper
“Weidmann and Rød (2019) study the effect of internet technology on mobilization for protest and analyze how conventional tactics (violent repression of protest) interact with online mobilization.”
From How Dictators Control the Internet: A Review Essay (2020) · cites this paper as Weidmann and Rød, 2019
In the citing paper
“Substitution effects may exist where forms of digital repression are used in lieu of traditional repression (26) or between different forms of digital repression, as when information channeling supplants information control strategies at the nation-state level (2, 60).”
From Physical and virtual repertoires of contention (2022) · cites this paper as [26]
In the citing paper
“While, as noted above, these may still matter, recent work suggests that broader measures of civil society—namely, freedom of association—may be more important for explaining digital repression (26).”
From Physical and virtual repertoires of contention (2022) · cites this paper as [26]
In the citing paper
“Timing can also influence when/whether backfire occurs: Weidmann and Rod (26) argue that Internet penetration and associated digital surveillance and repression have negative effects on protest emergence but can help sustain protests once they start.”
From Physical and virtual repertoires of contention (2022) · cites this paper as [26]
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“Twodatasets that would meet the criteria in terms of data structure and the events they cover, the Social Con fl ict Analysis Database (Salehyan et al., 2012) and the Mass Mobilization in Autocracies Database (Weidmann and Rød, 2019), cannot be used owing to limitations in geographical coverage.”
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Repression and Reelection in Democracies
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State Control over Telecommunications, Surveillance, and Militant Mobilization
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Gläßel, C., & Scharpf, A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197831229.002.0002
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Metadata
- Authors
- Weidmann, N. B., & Rød, E. G.
- Venue
- Oxford University Press eBooks
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press
- Published
- 2019-09-19
- OpenAlex
- W2973551893
- Cited by
- 157
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 5
- FWCI
- 17.99
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Oxford University Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Political Conflict and Governance
- Social Sciences › Communication › Social Media and Politics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Media Influence and Politics
- Keywords
- internet, political protest, authoritarian regimes, internet penetration, digital repression, political mobilization, protest diffusion, information and communication technologies, cities
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