Cited by 1,980Physical Activity and HealthCardiovascular Health and Risk FactorsCardiovascular Effects of Exercise

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AS AN INDEX OF HEART ATTACK RISK IN COLLEGE ALUMNI1

PAFFENBARGER, RALPH S., WING, ALVIN L., HYDE, ROBERT T.·1978·American Journal of Epidemiology

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Risk of first heart attack was found to be related inversely to energy expenditure reported by 16,936 Harvard male alumni, aged 35-74 years, of whom 572 experienced heart attacks in 117,680 person-years of followup. Stairs climbed, blocks walked, strenuous sports played, and a composite physical activity index all opposed risk. Men with index below 2000 kilocalories per week were at 64% higher risk than classmates with higher index. Adult exercise was independent of other influences on heart attack risk, and peak exertion as strenuous sports play enhanced the effect of total energy expenditure. Notably, alumni physical activity supplanted student athleticism assessed in college 16-50 years earlier. If it is postulated that varsity athlete status implies selective cardiovascular fitness, such selection alone is insufficient to explain lower heart attack risk in later adult years. Ex-varsity athletes retained lower risk only if they maintained a high physical activity index as alumni.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112608

Cites

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Still being checked.

Sorted by citations

Items 901–1,000 of 1,004

Regulation of blood pressure with calcium-dependent dopamine synthesizing system in the brain and its related phenomena
Sutoo, D. (1997) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(97)00018-0 · Cited by 35
Comparison of dietary and smoking habit changes in physical fitness improvers and nonimprovers
Blair, S. N., Goodyear, N. N., Wynne, K. L., & Saunders, R. (1984) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/0091-7435(84)90032-x · Cited by 35
A brief history of the Compendium of Physical Activities
Ainsworth, B. E., Herrmann, S. D., Jacobs, D. R., Whitt‐Glover, M. C., & Tudor-Locke, C. E. (2024) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2023.10.001 · Cited by 34
Cardiovascular Aging and Exercise: Implications for Heart Failure Prevention and Management
Subramanian, V., Tucker, W. J., Peters, A. E., Upadhya, B., Kitzman, D. W., & Pandey, A. (2025) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.125.325531 · Cited by 34
University students' ability-expectancy beliefs and subjective task values for exergames
Vernadakıs, N., Kouli, O., Tsitskari, E., Gioftsidou, A. F., & Antonıou, P. (2014) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2014.02.010 · Cited by 34
Lifestyle and the aging brain: interactive effects of modifiable lifestyle behaviors and cognitive ability in men from midlife to old age
Franz, C. E., Hatton, S. N., Elman, J. A., Warren, T. S., Gillespie, N. A., Whitsel, N. A., Puckett, O. K., Dale, A. M., Eyler, L. T., Fennema‐Notestine, C., et al. (2021) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.08.007 · Cited by 34
Changes in trabecular bone microarchitecture in postmenopausal women with and without type 2 diabetes: a two year longitudinal study
Pritchard, J. M., Giangregorio, L., Atkinson, S. A., BEATTIE, K. A., Inglis, D., Ioannidis, G., Gerstein, H. C., Punthakee, Z., Adachi, J. D., & Παπαϊωάννου, Α. (2013) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/1471-2474-14-114 · Cited by 38
Taking control of your personal eating and exercise environment: A weight maintenance program
Carels, R. A., Konrad, K. K., Young, K. M., Darby, L. A., Coit, C., Clayton, A. M., & Oemig, C. K. (2007) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2007.09.003 · Cited by 36
Changes in eating, physical activity and related behaviors in a primary care-based weight loss intervention
Volger, S., Wadden, T. A., Sarwer, D. B., Moore, R. H., Chittams, J. L., Diewald, L. K., Panigrahi, E., Berkowitz, R. I., Schmitz, K. H., & Vetter, M. (2013) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2013.91 · Cited by 36
Factors Associated with Physical Inactivity among Adult Urban Population of Puducherry, India: A Population Based Cross-sectional Study
Newtonraj, A. (2017) · JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH · doi:10.7860/jcdr/2017/24028.9853 · Cited by 34
The association between physical activity and depression among individuals residing in Brazil
de Oliveira, G. D., Oancea, S. C., Nucci, L. B., & Vogeltanz‐Holm, N. D. (2017) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-017-1441-6 · Cited by 38
The FRAIL Questionnaire: A Useful Tool for Bedside Screening of Geriatric Trauma Patients
Maxwell, C. A., Dietrich, M. S., & Miller, R. S. (2018) · Journal of Trauma Nursing · doi:10.1097/jtn.0000000000000379 · Cited by 34
Effects of the Hepatic Lipase Gene and Physical Activity on Coronary Heart Disease Risk
Hokanson, J. E. (2003) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwg230 · Cited by 34
Distressed binge eaters as a distinct subgroup among obese individuals
Fitzgibbon, M., & Kirschenbaum, D. S. (1991) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/0306-4603(91)90052-j · Cited by 34
High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol in Marathon Runners During a 20-Day Road Race
Dressendorfer, R. H. (1982) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1982.03320370029024 · Cited by 34
Relation Between Leukocyte Telomere Length and Incident Coronary Heart Disease Events (from the 1995 Canadian Nova Scotia Health Survey)
Ye, S., Shaffer, J. A., Kang, M. S., Harlapur, M., Muntner, P., Epel, E. S., Guernsey, D. L., Schwartz, J. E., Davidson, K. W., Kirkland, S., et al. (2013) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2012.12.017 · Cited by 33
Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Metabolic Syndrome in Older Adults
Gallardo-Alfaro, L., Bibiloni, M. D. M., Mateos, D., Ugarriza, L., & Tur, J. A. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16183358 · Cited by 33
The improvement in pelvic floor symptoms with weight loss in obese women does not correlate with the changes in pelvic anatomy
Gözükara, Y., Akalan, G., Tok, E. C., Aytan, H., & Ertunç, D. (2014) · International Urogynecology Journal · doi:10.1007/s00192-014-2368-z · Cited by 33
Long-term Evaluation of Multi-disciplinary Treatment of Morbid Obesity in Low-income Minority Adolescents: La Rabida Children’s Hospital’s FitMatters Program
Germann, J. N., Kirschenbaum, D. S., Rich, B. H., & O’Koon, J. C. (2006) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.02.007 · Cited by 33
A randomized trial examining differential meal replacement adherence in a weight loss maintenance program after one-year follow-up
Annunziato, R. A., Timko, C. A., Crerand, C. E., Didie, E. R., Bellace, D. L., Phelan, S., Kerzhnerman, I., & Lowe, M. R. (2009) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2009.05.003 · Cited by 34
Adapting evidence-based behavioral weight loss programs for emerging adults: A pilot randomized controlled trial
LaRose, J. G., Tate, D. F., Lanoye, A. M., Fava, J. L., Jelalian, E., Blumenthal, M., Caccavale, L. J., & Wing, R. R. (2017) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105316688951 · Cited by 33
Relationship of Consistency in Timing of Exercise Performance and Exercise Levels Among Successful Weight Loss Maintainers
Schumacher, L. M., Thomas, J. G., Raynor, H. A., Rhodes, R. E., O’Leary, K. C., Wing, R. R., & Bond, D. S. (2019) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.22535 · Cited by 34
College Physical Activity Courses: Why Do Students Enroll, and What are Their Health Behaviors?
Leenders, N., Sherman, W. M., & Ward, P. (2003) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2003.10609096 · Cited by 33
The relationship of physical activity to high density lipoprotein cholesterol in postmenopausal women
Cauley, J. A., Porte, R. E. L., Sandler, R. B., Orchard, T. J., Slemenda, C. W., & Petrini, A. M. (1986) · Journal of Chronic Diseases · doi:10.1016/0021-9681(86)90152-9 · Cited by 33
Exercise in Coronary Heart Disease
Shephard, R. J. (1986) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-198603010-00004 · Cited by 33
The future of physical activity: from sick individuals to healthy populations
Hallal, P. C., Lee, I.-M. M., Sarmiento, O. L., & Powell, K. E. (2024) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyae129 · Cited by 32
Foot pain and foot health in an educated population of adults: results from the Glasgow Caledonian University Alumni Foot Health Survey
Hendry, G., Fenocchi, L., Woodburn, J., & Steultjens, M. P. M. (2018) · Journal of Foot and Ankle Research · doi:10.1186/s13047-018-0290-1 · Cited by 33
Prospective Associations of Erythrocyte Composition and Dietary Intake of n-3 and n-6 PUFA with Measures of Cognitive Function
Bigornia, S., Scott, T. M., Harris, W. S., & Tucker, K. L. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10091253 · Cited by 33
Imagen Corporal y práctica de actividad física en las chicas adolescentes: Incidencia de la modalidad deportiva. (Body image and physical sport practice in adolescent girls: Analysis of the sport type.)
Miñano, M. J. C., García, E. F., & Galiano, M. I. R. (2006) · RICYDE Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte · doi:10.5232/ricyde2006.00301 · Cited by 32
Neighbourhood walkability and physical activity among family members of people with heart disease who participated in a randomized controlled trial of a behavioural risk reduction intervention
Riley, D. L., Mark, A. E., Kristjansson, E., Sawada, M., & Reid, R. D. (2013) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2013.01.010 · Cited by 33
Leptin and leptin receptor genetic variants associate with habitual physical activity and the arm body composition response to resistance training
Walsh, S., Haddad, C. J., Kostek, M. A., Angelopoulos, T. J., Clarkson, P. M., Gordon, P. M., Moyna, N. M., Visich, P. S., Zoeller, R. F., Seip, R. L., et al. (2012) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2012.08.020 · Cited by 32
Physical, Behavioral, and Body Image Characteristics in a Tri‐Racial Group of Adolescent Girls
PERRY, A. C., Rosenblatt, E. B., & Wang, X. (2004) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1038/oby.2004.207 · Cited by 32
Comparison of two physical activity questionnaires, with a diary, for assessing physical activity in an elderly population
Cartmel, B., & Moon, T. E. (1992) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(92)90071-t · Cited by 32
Type 2 diabetes is not independently associated with spinal trabecular volumetric bone mineral density measured by QCT in the Diabetes Heart Study
Register, T. C., Lenchik, L., Hsu, F., Lohman, K. K., Freedman, B. I., Bowden, D. W., & Carr, J. J. (2006) · Bone · doi:10.1016/j.bone.2006.03.003 · Cited by 32
Omega-3 fatty acids moderate effects of physical activity on cognitive function
Leckie, R. L., Manuck, S. B., Bhattacharjee, N., Muldoon, M. F., Flory, J. D., & Erickson, K. I. (2014) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.04.018 · Cited by 32
Exercise capacity is a predictor of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Seyoum, B., Estacio, R. O., Berhanu, P., & Schrier, R. W. (2006) · Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research · doi:10.3132/dvdr.2006.030 · Cited by 32
Exercise and Sudden Death
Kannel, W. B. (1982) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1982.03330230055034 · Cited by 32
Personality Correlates of Midlife Cardiometabolic Risk: The Explanatory Role of Higher‐Order Factors of the Five‐Factor Model
Dermody, S. S., Wright, A. G. C., Cheong, J., Miller, K., Muldoon, M. F., Flory, J. D., Gianaros, P. J., Marsland, A. L., & Manuck, S. B. (2015) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12216 · Cited by 33
Associations of Diet and Lifestyle with Hyperlipidemia for Middle-Aged and Elderly Persons among the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han Populations
Ruixing, Y., Wu, J., Yaoheng, H., Jing, T., Wu, H., Li, M., Li, Y., Dongmei, F., Hanjun, Y., & Yu-ming, C. (2008) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2008.03.010 · Cited by 31
The Relationship between Physical Activity Variety and Objectively Measured Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity Levels in Weight Loss Maintainers and Normal-Weight Individuals
Bond, D. S., Raynor, H. A., Phelan, S., Steeves, J. A., Daniello, R., & Wing, R. R. (2012) · Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1155/2012/812414 · Cited by 34
Exercise and Health: Dose and Response, Considering Both Ends of the Curve
Simon, H. B. (2015) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.05.012 · Cited by 35
Diagnose körperlich-sportlicher Aktivität im Erwachsenenalter
Wöll, A. (2004) · Zeitschrift für Sportpsychologie · doi:10.1026/1612-5010.11.2.54 · Cited by 34
Cystatin C and risk of hip fractures in older women
Ensrud, K. E., Parimi, N., Cauley, J. A., Ishani, A., Slinin, Y., Hillier, T. A., Taylor, B. C., Steffes, M. W., Cummings, S. R., & (SOF), F. T. S. O. O. F. (2013) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1002/jbmr.1858 · Cited by 31
Frequency of physical activity, exercise capacity, and atherosclerotic heart disease risk factors in male police officers.
Williams, M. A., Petratis, M. M., Baechle, T. R., Ryschon, K. L., Campain, J., & Sketch, M. H. (1987) · PubMed · Cited by 31
Physical Fitness and Coronary Heart Disease Morbidity and Mortality
Erikssen, J. (1986) · Acta Medica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1986.tb08949.x · Cited by 31
Physical activity and the healthy mind.
Shephard, R. J. (1983) · PubMed Central · Cited by 31
Sex- and race-related differences in cross-sectional geometry and bone density of the femoral mid-shaft in older adults
Taaffe, D. R., Lang, T., Fuerst, T. P., Cauley, J. A., Nevitt, M. C., & Harris, T. B. (2003) · Annals of Human Biology · doi:10.1080/0301446031000089588 · Cited by 31
The Influence of Running Patterns on Running Injuries
Brill, P. A., & Macera, C. A. (1995) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-199520060-00002 · Cited by 31
Evaluating Health Promotion: A Longitudinal Quasi-Experimental Design
Kronenfeld, J. J., Jackson, K. L., Blair, S. N., Davis, K. E., Gimarc, J. D., Salisbury, Z. T., Maysey, D., & McGee, J. G. (1987) · Health Education Quarterly · doi:10.1177/109019818701400201 · Cited by 31
Reproducibilidad y sensibilidad de un cuestionario de actividad física en población mexicana
López-Alvarenga, J. C., Reyes-Díaz, S., Castillo‐Martínez, L., Dávalos-Ibáñez, A., & González‐Barranco, J. (2001) · Salud Pública de México · doi:10.1590/s0036-36342001000400007 · Cited by 31
Evidence of the Role of Physical Activity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in the Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease
Leon, A. S., & Norstrom, J. (1995) · Quest · doi:10.1080/00336297.1995.10484160 · Cited by 31
Pediatric aspects of atherosclerosis
Voller, R., & Strong, W. B. (1981) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/0002-8703(81)90621-9 · Cited by 31
Cardiac pathology and sports medicine
Virmani, R., & Robinowitz, M. (1987) · Human Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0046-8177(87)80034-5 · Cited by 31
Yoga and Cognitive-behavioral Interventions to Reduce Stress in Incoming College Students: A Pilot Study
Park, C. L., Riley, K. E., Braun, T. D., Jung, J. Y., Suh, H. G., Pescatello, L. S., & Antoni, M. H. (2017) · Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research · doi:10.1111/jabr.12068 · Cited by 30
Context Matters: The Importance of Physical Activity Domains for Public Health
Quinn, T. D., & Gibbs, B. B. (2023) · Journal for the Measurement of Physical Behaviour · doi:10.1123/jmpb.2023-0030 · Cited by 30
How Are Wearable Activity Trackers Adopted in Older Adults? Comparison between Subjective Adoption Attitudes and Physical Activity Performance
Lee, B. C., Xie, J., Ajisafe, T., & Kim, S.-H. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17103461 · Cited by 30
Highlights from the Functional Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated with Human Muscle Size and Strength or FAMuSS Study
Pescatello, L. S., Devaney, J. M., Hubal, M. J., Thompson, P. D., & Hoffman, E. P. (2013) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2013/643575 · Cited by 30
YMCA Commit to Quit
Whiteley, J. A., Williams, D. M., DUNSIGER, S. I., Jennings, E., Ciccolo, J. T., Bock, B. C., Albrecht, A. E., Parisi, A. F., Linke, S., & Marcus, B. H. (2012) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2012.05.025 · Cited by 30
Increased augmentation index and central aortic blood pressure in osteoporotic postmenopausal women
Mangiafico, R. A., Alagona, C., Pennisi, P. A., Parisi, N., Mangiafico, M., Purrello, F., & Fiore, C. E. (2007) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-007-0438-5 · Cited by 30
Healthy Physical Activity Levels Below Recommended Thresholds Two Years After Lumbar Spine Surgery
Mancuso, C. A., Duculan, R., & Girardi, F. P. (2016) · Spine · doi:10.1097/brs.0000000000001757 · Cited by 31
Exercise and Cardioprotection: A Natural Defense Against Lethal Myocardial Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury and Potential Guide to Cardiovascular Prophylaxis
Chowdhury, M. A., Sholl, H. K., Sharrett, M. S., Haller, S. T., Cooper, C. C., Gupta, R., & Liu, L. (2018) · Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics · doi:10.1177/1074248418788575 · Cited by 30
Finasteride therapy does not alter bone turnover in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia--a Clinical Research Center study
Tollin, S. R., Rosen, H. N., Zurowski, K., Saltzman, B., Zeind, A. J., Berg, S. J., & Greenspan, S. L. (1996) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.81.3.8772571 · Cited by 30
Physical activity and health
Hardman, A. E. (1997) · Nutrition Bulletin · doi:10.1111/j.1467-3010.1997.tb01062.x · Cited by 30
Untitled work
(2000) · PubMed · Cited by 30
Exercise, Serum Lipids, and Cardiovascular Disease—Risk Factors in Children
Linder, C. W., & DuRant, R. H. (1982) · Pediatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0031-3955(16)34284-5 · Cited by 30
Small Changes and Lasting Effects (SCALE) Trial: The Formation of a Weight Loss Behavioral Intervention Using EVOLVE
Phillips, E., Winston, G. J., Peterson, J. C., Wansink, B. C., Devine, C. M., Kanna, B., Michelin, W., Wethington, E., Wells, M. T., Hollenberg, J. P., et al. (2015) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2015.01.003 · Cited by 29
Differential Association Between HDL Subclasses and the Development of Type 2 Diabetes in a Prospective Study of Japanese Americans
Hwang, Y., Hayashi, T., Fujimoto, W. Y., Kahn, S. E., Leonetti, D. L., McNeely, M. J., & Boyko, E. J. (2015) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc15-0625 · Cited by 29
Using the immediate blood pressure benefits of exercise to improve exercise adherence among adults with hypertension
Zaleski, A. L., Taylor, B. A., Park, C. L., Santos, L. P., Panza, G. A., Kramarz, M. A., McCormick, K., Thompson, P. D., Fernández, A. B., Chen, M., et al. (2019) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000002115 · Cited by 29
Association of Acute Coronary Syndrome-Induced Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms with Self-Reported Sleep
Shaffer, J. A., Kronish, I. M., Burg, M. M., Clemow, L., & Edmondson, D. E. (2013) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-013-9512-8 · Cited by 29
Validation of a New Physical Activity Questionnaire for a Sedentary Population
Rubenstein, J. H., Morgenstern, H., Kellenberg, J. E., Kalish, T., Donovan, J., Inadomi, J. M., McConnell, D. S., Stojanovska, J., & Schoenfeld, P. (2011) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-011-1641-y · Cited by 29
Design, recruitment and start up of a primary care weight loss trial targeting African American and Hispanic adults
Kumanyika, S., Fassbender, J. E., Phipps, E., Tan-Torres, S., Localio, R., Morales, K. H., Sarwer, D. B., Harralson, T. L., Allison, K. C., Wesby, L., et al. (2010) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2010.11.002 · Cited by 29
Exercise test in Parkinson's disease
Reuter, I., Engelhardt, M., Freiwaldt, J., & Baas, H. K. J. (1999) · Clinical Autonomic Research · doi:10.1007/bf02281625 · Cited by 29
A prospective study of physical activity and the risk of pancreatic cancer among women (United States)
Calton, B. A., Stolzenberg‐Solomon, R. Z., Moore, S. C., Schatzkin, A. G., Schairer, C., Albanes, D., & Leitzmann, M. F. (2008) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/1471-2407-8-63 · Cited by 29
Association of Physical Activity with Reproductive Hormones: The Penn Ovarian Aging Study
Schmitz, K. H., Lin, H., Sammel, M. D., Gracia, C. R., Nelson, D. B., Kapoor, S. C., DeBlasis, T. L., & Freeman, E. W. (2007) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-07-0061 · Cited by 29
Determinants of bone mineral density in Chinese-American women
Walker, M. D., Babbar, R., Opotowsky, A. R., McMahon, D. J., Liu, G., & Bilezikian, J. P. (2006) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-006-0258-z · Cited by 29
Changes in ??VO2max, physical activity, and body fat with chronic exercise: effects on plasma lipids
Leaf, D. A., PARKER, D. L., & Schaad, D. C. (1997) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-199709000-00006 · Cited by 29
Type of alcoholic beverage and first acute myocardial infarction: A case‐control study in a mediterranean country
Fernandez‐Jarne, E., Martínez-Losa, E., Serrano-Martínez, M., Prado-Santamaría, M., Brugarolas‐Brufau, C., & Martínez‐González, M. Á. (2003) · Clinical Cardiology · doi:10.1002/clc.4950260704 · Cited by 29
Lignes directrices éclairées par des données probantes sur l’activité physique à l’intention des Canadiens adultesCet article est tiré d’un supplément intitulé Advancing physical activity measurement and guidelines in Canada: a scientific review and evidence-based foundation for the future of Canadian physical activity guidelines (Favoriser les lignes directrices et la mesure de l’activité physique au Canada: examen scientifique et justification selon les données probantes pour l’avenir des lignes directrices de l’activité physique canadienne) publié par Physiologie appliquée, nutrition et métabolisme et la Revue canadienne de santé publique. On peut aussi mentionner Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 32 (Suppl. 2F) ou Can. J. Public Health 98 (Suppl. 2).
Warburton, D. E. R., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Rhodes, R. E., & Shephard, R. J. (2007) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/h07-168 · Cited by 32
La actividad física de ocio y su asociación con variables sociodemográficas y otros comportamientos relacionados con la salud
Domínguez‐Berjón, M. F., Borrell, C., Nebot, M., & Plasència, A. (1998) · Gaceta Sanitaria · doi:10.1016/s0213-9111(98)76454-4 · Cited by 29
Maintaining quality in exercise referral schemes: a case study of professional practice
Crone, D., Johnston, L. H., & Grant, T. (2004) · Primary Health Care Research & Development · doi:10.1191/1463423604pc189oa · Cited by 29
Determinants of bone mass in menopause
Sandler, R. B., LaPorte, R. E., Sashin, D., Kuller, L. H., Sternglass, E. J., Cauley, J. A., & Link, M. M. (1982) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/0091-7435(82)90053-6 · Cited by 29
The Benefits of Goal Adjustment Capacities for Well‐Being Among Women With Breast Cancer: Potential Mechanisms of Action
Mens, M. G., & Scheier, M. F. (2015) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12217 · Cited by 31
Is Gamification Effective in Motivating Exercise?
Goh, D. H., & Razikin, K. (2015) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-20916-6_56 · Cited by 28
Clinic‐Based vs. Home‐Based Interventions for Preventing Weight Gain in Men
Leermakers, E. A., Jakicic, J. M., Viteri, J., & Wing, R. R. (1998) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1002/j.1550-8528.1998.tb00362.x · Cited by 28
Long-Term Assessment of Electrocardiographic and Echocardiographic Findings in Norwegian Elite Endurance Athletes
Björnstad, H. H., Bjørnstad, T. H., Urheim, S., Hoff, P. I., Smith, G., & Maron, B. J. (2008) · Cardiology · doi:10.1159/000151435 · Cited by 28
Dietary Intake and Its Determinants Among Adults Living in the Metropolitan Area of Puerto Rico
Mattei, J., Taméz, M., Bigornia, S., Noel, S. E., Xiao, R. S., Ríos‐Bedoya, C. F., Rodríguez‐Orengo, J. F., & Tucker, K. L. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11071598 · Cited by 28
Session 1: Public health nutrition Physical activity prescription for public health
MURPHY, M. H., McNeilly, A., & Murtagh, E. (2009) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1017/s0029665109991741 · Cited by 28
Health Opportunities with Physical Exercise (HOPE): social contextual interventions to reduce sedentary behavior in urban settings
Coday, M. (2002) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/17.5.637 · Cited by 28
The relationships between physical activity and health‐promoting behaviours in mid‐life women
Gillis, A. J., & Perry, A. (1991) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1991.tb01653.x · Cited by 28
Home-Based Stair Climbing as an Intervention for Disease Risk in Adult Females; A Controlled Study
Michael, E., White, M. J., & Eves, F. F. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18020603 · Cited by 30
Impact of Vitamin D Replacement on Markers of Glucose Metabolism and Cardio-Metabolic Risk in Women with Former Gestational Diabetes—A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial
Yeow, T. P., Lim, S. L., Hor, C. P., Khir, A. S. M., Mohamud, W. N. W., & Pacini, G. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0129017 · Cited by 29
Hyperlipidaemia and its risk factors in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations
Ruixing, Y., Dezhai, Y., Li, S., Yu-ming, C., Hanjun, Y., Qiming, F., Shangling, P., Weixiong, L., Jing, T., & Li, Y. (2008) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980008003273 · Cited by 27
Serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentration does not independently predict incident diabetes in older women
Schafer, A. L., Napoli, N., Lui, L., Schwartz, A. V., Black, D. M., & Fractures, T. S. O. O. (2013) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.12368 · Cited by 27
Revisión estructurada de los cuestionarios y escalas que miden la actividad física en los adultos mayores y ancianos
Guirao-Goris, J. A., Cabrero‐García, J., Pina, J. P. M., & Muñoz-Mendoza, C. L. (2009) · Gaceta Sanitaria · doi:10.1016/j.gaceta.2009.03.002 · Cited by 33
The Future of Physical Activity Research: Funding, Opportunities and Challenges
Fernhall, B., Borghi‐Silva, A., & Babu, A. S. (2014) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2014.09.003 · Cited by 27
Energy density and weight change in a long-term weight-loss trial
Flood, A. P., Mitchell, N. R., Jaeb, M. A., Finch, E. A., Laqua, P. S., Welsh, E. M., Hotop, A. M., Langer, S. L., Levy, R. L., & Jeffery, R. W. (2009) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-6-57 · Cited by 29
Physical Activity is Related to Ankle/Brachial Index in Subjects Without Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease
Gardner, A. W., Sieminski, D. J., Montgomery, P. S., & Gardner, A. W. (1997) · Angiology · doi:10.1177/000331979704801005 · Cited by 27
Problems in estimating the prevalence of physical activity from national surveys
Slater, C. H., Green, L. W., Vernon, S. W., & Keith, V. M. (1987) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/0091-7435(87)90010-7 · Cited by 27
Exercise in Cardiovascular Disease
Dubbert, P. M., Rappaport, N. B., & Martin, J. E. (1987) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/01454455870113005 · Cited by 27
Sports participation and health
Gratton, C., & Tice, A. (1989) · Leisure Studies · doi:10.1080/02614368900390071 · Cited by 27

Authors: PAFFENBARGER, R. S., WING, A. L., & HYDE, R. T.
Affiliations: Harvard University (US)
Corresponding author: PAFFENBARGER, RALPH S.
Venue: American Journal of Epidemiology
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 1978-09
Volume: 108
Issue: 3
Pages: 161-175
ISSN: 0002-9262 (ISSN-L)
1476-6256
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112608
OpenAlex: W2147078612
Cited by: 1,980
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 55 · 2017: 56 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 50 · 2014: 49 · 2013: 56 · 2012: 54
FWCI: 17.01
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: American Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise
Keywords: physical activity, myocardial infarction risk, myocardial infarction, energy expenditure, university alumni, varsity athletes, cardiorespiratory fitness, cardiovascular disease prevention
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Connecticut, Coronary Disease, Physical Exertion, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Physical Fitness, Retrospective Studies, Risk, Smoking, Sports

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AS AN INDEX OF HEART ATTACK RISK IN COLLEGE ALUMNI1

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks