The DOI matches its Crossref record.
AN EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTION FOR ALTERING WATER-SANITATION BEHAVIORS TO REDUCE CHILDHOOD DIARRHEA IN URBAN BANGLADESH
Abstract
An educational intervention was designed to improve three water-sanitation behaviors empirically shown to be associated with high rates of childhood diarrhea in Dhaka, Bangladesh: lack of handwashing before preparing food, open defecation by children in the family compound, and inattention to proper disposal of garbage and feces, increasing the opportunity for young children to place waste products in their mouth. Fifty-one communities, each comprising 38 families, were randomized either to receive (n = 25) or not to receive (n = 26) the intervention. During the six months after the intervention, the rate of diarrhea (per 100 person-weeks) in children under six years of age was 4.3 in the intervention communities and 5.8 in the control communities (26% protective efficacy; p less than 0.0001). A corresponding improvement in handwashing practices before preparing food was noted, although no improvement was observed for defecation and waste disposal practices. These data suggest that educational interventions for water-sanitation practices can have an important beneficial effect upon childhood diarrhea in developing countries, particularly when the interventions are designed in a simple way to promote naturally occurring salutory behaviors that are empirically associated with lower rates of childhood diarrhea.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Effect of hand hygiene on infectious disease risk in the community setting: a meta-analysis
Aiello, A. E., Coulborn, R. M., Perez, V., & Larson, E. L. (2008) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2007.124610 · Cited by 796
Evidence-based model for hand transmission during patient care and the role of improved practices
Pittet, D., Allegranzi, B., Sax, H., Dharan, S., Pessoa-Silva, C. L., Donaldson, L., & Boyce, J. M. (2006) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(06)70600-4 · Cited by 790
Effect of handwashing on child health: a randomised controlled trial
Luby, S. P., Agboatwalla, M., Feikin, D. R., Painter, J., Billhimer, W., Altaf, A., & Hoekstra, R. M. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)66912-7 · Cited by 748
Water, sanitation and hygiene for the prevention of diarrhoea
Cairncross, S., Hunt, C., Boisson, S., Bostoen, K., Curtis, V., Fung, I. C., & Schmidt, W.-P. (2010) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyq035 · Cited by 667
Handwashing and risk of respiratory infections: a quantitative systematic review
Rabie, T., & Curtis, V. (2006) · Tropical Medicine & International Health · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01568.x · Cited by 556
Review: Domestic hygiene and diarrhoea – pinpointing the problem
Curtis, V., Cairncross, S., & Yonli, R. (2000) · Tropical Medicine & International Health · doi:10.1046/j.1365-3156.2000.00512.x · Cited by 398
Wolf, J., Hubbard, S., Brauer, M., Ambelu, A., Arnold, B. F., Bain, R., Bauza, V., Brown, J., Caruso, B. A., Clasen, T., et al. (2022) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(22)00937-0 · Cited by 377
Hand washing for preventing diarrhoea
Ejemot-Nwadiaro, R. I., Ehiri, J. E., Meremikwu, M. M., & Critchley, J. A. (2008) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004265.pub2 · Cited by 321
Luby, S. P., Agboatwalla, M., Painter, J., Altaf, A., Billhimer, W. L., & Hoekstra, R. M. (2004) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.291.21.2547 · Cited by 309
What is the evidence for a causal link between hygiene and infections?
Aiello, A. E., & Larson, E. L. (2002) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(02)00184-6 · Cited by 246
Impact of face-washing on trachoma in Kongwa, Tanzania
West, S., Muñoz, B., Lynch, M., Kayongoya, A., Chilangwa, Z., Mmbaga, B. B. O., & Taylor, H. R. (1995) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(95)90167-1 · Cited by 230
Luby, S. P., Halder, A. K., Huda, T., Unicomb, L., & Johnston, R. B. (2011) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001052 · Cited by 217
Waterkeyn, J., & Cairncross, S. (2005) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.04.012 · Cited by 174
O'REILLY, C. E., FREEMAN, M. C., RAVANI, M., MIGELE, J., MWAKI, A., AYALO, M., OMBEKI, S., HOEKSTRA, R. M., & QUICK, R. (2008) · Epidemiology and Infection · doi:10.1017/s0950268807008060 · Cited by 159
Huda, T. M. N., Unicomb, L., Johnston, R. B., Halder, A. K., Yushuf Sharker, M. A., & Luby, S. P. (2012) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.10.042 · Cited by 147
Household characteristics associated with handwashing with soap in rural Bangladesh
Luby, S. P., Halder, A. K., Tronchet, C., Akhter, S., Bhuiya, A., & Johnston, R. B. (2009) · The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2009.09-0031 · Cited by 135
LOEVINSOHN, B. P. (1990) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/19.4.788 · Cited by 131
Prevention of diarrhoea and dysentery by hand washing
Han, A. M., & Hlaing, T. (1989) · Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.1016/0035-9203(89)90737-2 · Cited by 105
Pinfold, J. V., & Horan, N. J. (1996) · Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.1016/s0035-9203(96)90507-6 · Cited by 101
De Buck, E., Van Remoortel, H., Hannes, K., Govender, T., Naidoo, S., Avau, B., Veegaete, A. V., Musekiwa, A., Lutje, V., Cargo, M., et al. (2017) · Campbell Systematic Reviews: Better Evidence for a Better World · doi:10.4073/csr.2017.7 · Cited by 99
Gera, T., Shah, D., & Sachdev, H. S. (2018) · Indian Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s13312-018-1279-3 · Cited by 77
Metadata
- Authors
- STANTON, B. F., & CLEMENS, J. D.
- Affiliations
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (BD)
- Corresponding author
- STANTON, BONITA F.
- Venue
- American Journal of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1987-02
- Volume
- 125
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 292-301
- ISSN
- 0002-9262 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-6256
- OpenAlex
- W1911314546
- Cited by
- 163
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 5.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Food Safety and Hygiene
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Keywords
- childhood diarrhea, educational intervention, open defecation, fecal waste disposal, child health, urban Bangladesh, Dhaka, community-based intervention, protective efficacy
- MeSH terms
- Bangladesh, Child, Preschool, Diarrhea, Family, Hand Disinfection, Humans, Infant, Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care, Patient Education as Topic, Random Allocation, Sanitation, Socioeconomic Factors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
