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Hostility, Incidence of Acute Myocardial Infarction, and Mortality in a Sample of Older Danish Men and Women
Abstract
An abbreviated version of the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale (ACM) was a predictor of documented acute myocardial infarction and total mortality. The sample consisted of 409 men and 321 women, residents of Glostrup, Denmark, who were 50 years old at the initiation of the study in 1964. Follow-up continued through 1991. Although not significant (relative risk (RR) = 1.22) in a model that contained only age and sex as covariates, the hostility scale scores were associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction in models controlling for traditional risk factors. A two standard deviation difference was associated with a RR of 1.53 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-2.25), an effect that remained after eliminating the data of those with signs of ischemia at baseline. Hostility was also predictive of total mortality with controls for age and sex (RR = 1.35, CI 1.07-1.71), with controls for traditional risk factors (RR = 1.44, CI 1.13-1.83), and with additional controls for baseline ischemia and pulmonary function (RR = 1.36, CI 1.06-1.75). There were no sex differences in effect sizes. In cross-sectional analyses, high hostility was associated with higher body mass index, more physical activity at work, and poorer pulmonary function. These results constitute a rigorous test of the relation between hostility and health and increase the known generality of the phenomenon across sexes, age groups, and cultures.
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“elevated 25-year all-cause mortality in a mixed-gender midlife sample in Denmark [165]”
From Personality and Longevity: Knowns, Unknowns, and Implications for Public Health and Personalized Medicine (2011) · cites this paper as [165]
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“showed that an abbreviated version of the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale predicted acute myocardial infarction and total mortality, even after control of standard risk factors (2).”
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Hostility in Marital Dyads: Associations with Depressive Symptoms
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BackgroundThe Relationship between Hostility and Behavioral Risk Factors for Poor Health in Women Veterans
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InfluentialBen‐Eliyahu, A., & Zeidner, M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.041 · Cited by 33
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“On balance, the research shows that anger and hostility are important predictors of cardiovascular health of adults (Siegman, 1993; Helmers et al., 1994; Barefoot et al., 1995; Miller et al., 1996).”
BackgroundObserved Hostility and the Risk of Incident Ischemic Heart Disease
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“Additional analyses were conducted with the Barefoot and Finnish CMHS subscales (4,31,32).”
Psychological predictors of good health in three longitudinal samples of educated midlife women.
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“Although hostility may be an important predictor of survival in patients with coronary artery diseases (Barefoot et al., 1995; Boyle et al., 2004), so far the biological substrate of hostility has not been well elucidated compared with that of aggression.”
BackgroundA Pooled Analysis of Cohort Studies
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“Psychological factors including depression and hopelessness (e.g., Everson et al., 1996; Frasure-Smith et al., 1999), hostility (e.g., Barefoot et al., 1995; Dembroski et al., 1989; Ironson et al., 1992; Siegman et al., 2000), vital ex- haustion (VE; Appels and Mulder, 1988), and the combination of…”
BackgroundMajor depressive disorder with anger attacks and subcortical MRI white matter hyperintensities
Iosifescu, D. V., Renshaw, P. F., Dougherty, D. D., Lyoo, I. K., Lee, H. K., Fraguas, R., Cassano, P., Nierenberg, A. A., & Fava, M. (2007) · Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000253820.69362.87 · Cited by 29
“…disease, including coronary artery disease (Iribarren et al., 2000; Julkunen et al., 1994; Matthews et al., 1998), myocardial infarction (Barefoot et al., 1995; Chaput et al., 2002), hypertension (Yan et al., 2003), and cardiac arrhythmias (Eaker et al., 2004), as well as increased…”
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“Depression is a risk factor for cardiac morbidity and mortality after acute myocardial infarction (5, 7, 12, 21, 28).”
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The relationship between depression and cardiovascular disease
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Bhardwaj, V., Angkaw, A. C., Franceschetti, M., Rao, R. R., & Baker, D. G. (2019) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.21827 · Cited by 25
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“Research has shown that hostility is associated with increased risk of incident CVD events, independent of traditional risk factors (6,10,23,34).”
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“A large literature links hostility with heightened risk for cardiovascular and other diseases, and poorer prognosis following cardiac incidents [31,32].”
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“Three subscales (cynicism, hostile affect, and aggressive responding) were derived from this instrument (Barefoot et al., 1989, 1995).”
MethodWong, J. M., Sin, N. L., & Whooley, M. A. (2014) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000059 · Cited by 24
“(15) found that the association between cynicism subscores and CHD events was as strong as the entire CMHS, but other investigators failed to find this association (7,16).”
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Defensive Hostility and Coronary Heart Disease: A Preliminary Investigation of Male Veterans
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“Epidemiological evidence supports individual differences in hostility and anger as risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) and all-cause mortality (Barefoot et al., 1983, 1995).”
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“…men and women found that hostility was associated 267 0160-7715/05/0600-0267/0 C© 2005 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. with an increased risk of a myocardial infarction (MI) and early mortality at 27 years follow-up, even when controlling for potential risk factors (Barefoot et al., 1995).”
BackgroundAn Exploration of the Relation Between Hostility and Disease
Ranchor, A. V., Sanderman, R., Bauma, J., Buunk, B. P., & van den Heuvel, W. J. (1997) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1023/a:1025538926879 · Cited by 20
Hostility and Change in Cognitive Function Over Time in Older Blacks and Whites
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“Hostility increases risk for clinical and subclinical cardiovascular conditions, including carotid atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and coronary heart disease (2,5,56).”
BackgroundImpact of domestic violence on the psychological wellbeing of children in Iran
Ghasemi, M. (2009) · Journal of Family Studies · doi:10.5172/jfs.15.3.284 · Cited by 19
“Published literature links hostility with heightened risk for cardiovascular and other diseases, and poorer prognosis following cardiac incidents (Barefoot et al 1995).”
BackgroundGinty, A. T., Muldoon, M. F., Kuan, D. C.-H., Schirda, B. L., Kamarck, T. W., Jennings, J. R., Manuck, S. B., & Gianaros, P. J. (2017) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000453 · Cited by 19
Hostility and the educational gradient in health. The mediating role of health-related behaviours.
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Socioeconomic status, hostility and health
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Hostility Is Related to Blunted β-Adrenergic Receptor Responsiveness Among Middle-Aged Women
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Serum Cholesterol Concentrations and Non-Physical Aggression in Healthy Adults
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Hostility, drinking pattern and mortality
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BackgroundHostility and Physiological Risk in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study
Knox, S. S. (2004) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.164.22.2442 · Cited by 16
PSYCHOMETRIC TESTING OF THE ADOLESCENT VERSION OF THE COOK?MEDLEY HOSTILITY SCALE
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Nikolakakis, N., Dragioti, E., Paritsis, N. C., Tsamakis, K., Christodoulou, G. N., & Rizos, E. N. (2020) · Psychiatriki · doi:10.22365/jpsych.2019.304.299 · Cited by 15
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“Numerous epidemiologic investigations have found hostility, a measure of general cynicism and interpersonal mistrust, to be associated with an increased risk of hypertension (1–4), subclinical atherosclerosis (5), myocardial infarction (6, 7), coronary heart disease (8–10), and all-cause mortality (6, 8, 11, 12).”
AN ANALOGUE STUDY OF LOVING-KINDNESS MEDITATION AS A BUFFER AGAINST SOCIAL STRESS
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“, hostility may confer an increased risk through unhealthy behaviours like smoking, overeating, high alcohol consumption, and physical inactivity (Räikkönen and Keltikangas-Järvinen, 1991; Musante et al., 1992; Scherwitz et al., 1992; Siegler et al., 1992; Barefoot et al., 1995; Whiteman et al., 1997), or discourage p…”
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“Hostility Trait hostility was measured, using a 39-item version of the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale (52,53), as derived by Barefoot and colleagues (1,52).”
MethodInfluentialLewis, T. T., Everson‐Rose, S. A., Karavolos, K., Janssen, İ., Wesley, D., & Powell, L. H. (2009) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e3181ad13a7 · Cited by 12
“Prior research has found an association between high scores on the cynicism subscale and greater CHD morbidity and mortality (27).”
Familial Resemblance for Hostility: The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study
Weidner, G., Rice, T., Knox, S. S., Ellison, R. C., Province, M. A., Rao, D. C., & HIGGINS, M. W. (2000) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-200003000-00008 · Cited by 12
Reliability of Interview-Assessed Hostility Ratings Across Mode of Assessment and Time
Brummett, B. H., Maynard, K. E., Haney, T. L., Siegler, I. C., & Barefoot, J. C. (2000) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa7502_4 · Cited by 13
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The Five-Factor Model of Personality: Consensus and Controversy
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“Hostile individuals display heightened physiological reactivity in some situations, report greater degrees of interpersonal conflict and less social support, and may have more unhealthy daily habits, and therefore may be at increased risk for subsequent coronary heart disease [23,34,35], and other life-threatening ill…”
BackgroundSurtees, P. G., Wainwright, N. W. J., Khaw, K., Luben, R., Brayne, C., & Day, N. (2003) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(02)00347-1 · Cited by 11
Cynicism: Incident diabetes and worsening of metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women
Wylie‐Rosett, J., Aragaki, A. K., Cochrane, B. B., Perri, M. G., Rosal, M. C., & Rapp, S. R. (2010) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2010.09.006 · Cited by 10
“The 13-item Cynicism Subscale of the Cook-Medley Hostility Questionnaire has good reliability and validity and is predictive of cardiovascular outcomes [7,8].”
BackgroundPatrón de conducta tipo A y acontecimientos vitales como riesgo para el infarto cerebral
Concepción, O. F., Feria, O. V., Chávez-Rodríguez, L., González, M. Á. Á., & Sánchez, M. C. F. (2002) · Revista de Neurología · doi:10.33588/rn.3407.2001402 · Cited by 10
Development of Personality across the Life Span
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Do Depressive Traits and Hostility Predict Age-Related Decline in General Intelligence?
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“Among the many scales which can be derived from the MMPI, the Obvious Depression Scale and a short version of the CookMedley Hostility Scale have previously been analyzed as predictors of morbidity and mortality [10, 11].”
Self-citationVersey, H. S., & Kaplan, G. A. (2011) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/1090198111414884 · Cited by 10
Grothe, K. B., Bodenlos, J. S., Whitehead, D., Olivier, J., & Brantley, P. J. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings · doi:10.1007/s10880-008-9112-0 · Cited by 10
Evolutionary Personality Psychology
Lewis, D. M. G., Al-Shawaf, L., & Buss, D. M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.022 · Cited by 11
South, S. C., Reichborn‐Kjennerud, T., Eaton, N. R., & Krueger, R. F. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118133880.hop205001 · Cited by 9
Approach–Avoidance Theories of Personality
Corr, P. J., & Krupıć, D. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.025 · Cited by 12
Gidron, Y., Levy, A., & Cwikel, J. (2007) · Women & Health · doi:10.1300/j013v44n04_02 · Cited by 8
Trait anger and blood pressure recovery following acute pain: evidence for opioid-mediated effects
Bruehl, S. P., Chung, O. Y., & Burns, J. W. (2006) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1207/s15327558ijbm1302_5 · Cited by 8
Caprara, G. V., & Vecchione, M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.038 · Cited by 9
Navarrete, B. H., Vazquez, O., & Lerma, A. (2018) · Psicología y Salud · doi:10.25009/pys.v28i1.2544 · Cited by 9
Do health behaviors mediate associations between personality traits and diabetes incidence?
Luo, J., Chen, X., Tindle, H. A., Shadyab, A. H., Saquib, N., Hale, L. E., García, L., Springfield, S., Liu, B., Nassir, R., et al. (2020) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.08.007 · Cited by 8
“We observed that almost half of the association between NEE and risk of T2DM was mediated by high BMI or high waist circumference (44”
ResultInfluentialConceptual and Historical Perspectives
Cloninger, S. C. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.004 · Cited by 8
Holland, A. K., Newton, S. E., Hinson, D. W., Hardin, J., Coe, M., & Harrison, D. W. (2014) · Laterality Asymmetries of Body Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1080/1357650x.2014.886586 · Cited by 7
Metadata
- Authors
- Barefoot, J. C., Larsen, S., von der Lieth, L., & Schroll, M.
- Affiliations
- Duke University (US)
- Glostrup Hospital (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Barefoot, John C.
- Venue
- American Journal of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1995-09-01
- Volume
- 142
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 477-484
- ISSN
- 0002-9262 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-6256
- OpenAlex
- W1875975445
- Cited by
- 285
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 6.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5f06tw001952-03, 5r01ag009276-05)
- National Institute on Aging (AG09276)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL 36587, P01HL036587)
- Fogarty International Center (F06 TW01952-01)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Acute Myocardial Infarction Research
- Keywords
- hostility, acute myocardial infarction, all-cause mortality, older adults, sex differences, traditional cardiovascular risk factors, lung function, body mass index, physical activity, ischemia, cross-cultural generalizability
- MeSH terms
- Cause of Death, Cross-Sectional Studies, Denmark, Female, Hostility, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, MMPI, Myocardial Infarction, Risk Factors, Incidence, Proportional Hazards Models, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution, Survivors
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