The DOI matches its Crossref record; 13 of the 14 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
ASPECTS OF DISCRIMINATORY TREATMENT OF WOMEN POLICE OFFICERS SERVING IN FORCES IN ENGLAND AND WALES
Abstract
Discriminatory treatment is defined in terms of limited job related opportunities and exposure to sexual harassment. The structural status of women police in England and Wales in terms of rank and role is described by reference to secondary analysis of national data from Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary. This reveals limited access of women officers to higher rank and specialist roles. Differential deployment and sexual harassment are explored by means of a questionnaire survey conducted in several British police forces. Results indicate widespread exposure to harassment and other forms of discriminatory treatment. The persistence of discrimination is demonstrated by reference to recent surveys by Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary and policemen's resistance to women colleagues is discussed in terms ofoccupational culture. Some elaboration of the sex-role spillover thesis is offered in the light of policewomen's experiences.
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“An ethos and mutual conceptualization of reality thus develops in any police department that may include the tacit approval of certain actions that are otherwise inappropriate (Brown 1998; Skolnick 2008).”
From Paradoxical effects of self-awareness of being observed: testing the effect of police body-worn cameras on assaults and aggression against officers (2018) · cites this paper as Brown 1998
Citations
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Johnston, M. S. (2012) · uO Research (University of Ottawa) · doi:10.20381/ruor-5944 · Cited by 1
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Jones, M. L. (2014) · ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) · Cited by 1
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Female police officers in Canada: The influence of gender on law enforcement
Lappage, D. S. (2015) · Summit (Simon Fraser University) · Cited by 1
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Violence against Women and Economic Globalization: Case Study of Ciudad Juarez, Mexico
Robertua, V. (2012) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) · Cited by 1
Does Gender Impact on Career Progression in the Garda Síochána?
Sheridan, G. (2009) · Arrow - TU Dublin (Technological University Dublin) · doi:10.21427/d73b6v
Does Size Matter in the Field?: Female Police Bodies in Online Television
Cusack, C. M. (2014) · The Qualitative Report · doi:10.46743/2160-3715/2014.1234
Parker, C. (2011) · Worcester Research and Publications (University of Worcester)
Women Working with Criminal Men: The Raised Eyebrow
Patrick, E. A. (2014) · SOPHIA (St. Catherine University)
Linton, K., Moore, F., & Exworthy, M. (2015) · Research Repository (Kingston University London)
Waltham, D. M. (2014) · University of Huddersfield Repository (University of Huddersfield)
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Self-citationHasan, M. (2019) · Northumbria Research Link (Northumbria University)
Sexual Victimization of Women Police and Its Deleterious Impact on the Victims: A Thematic View
Choudhary, L., & Rufus, D. (2020) · Centivens Institute of Innovative Research eBooks · doi:10.47059/ciir/bp20002/08
An Analysis of Tokenism among Female Police Officers in DMPA
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Jenner, A. (2021) · Open Access at Essex (University of Essex)
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Emudainohwo, E. (2023) · Padjadjaran · doi:10.22304/pjih.v10n3.a4
ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННАЯ ПРИВЕРЖЕННОСТЬ И ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНАЯ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТЬ СОТРУДНИКОВ ПОЛИЦИИ
А.М., И. (2025) · Человеческий капитал. · doi:10.25629/hc.2025.08.17
Steinþórsdóttir, F. S., & Pétursdóttir, G. M. (2025) · Policing & Society · doi:10.1080/10439463.2025.2598259
(2025) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-83549-724-120251013
Gendered responses to fairness: Organizational justice and police training receptivity
Nam, Y., Wolfe, S. E., & Kim, Y. S. (2026) · Journal of Criminal Justice · doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2026.102693
Metadata
- Authors
- BROWN, J. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Surrey (GB)
- Corresponding author
- BROWN, J. M.
- Venue
- British Journal of Criminology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1998-01-01
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 265-282
- ISSN
- 0007-0955 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-3529
- OpenAlex
- W1996202550
- Cited by
- 128
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 31.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The British Journal of Criminology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Policing Practices and Perceptions
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Diversity and Inequality
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Politics and Representation
- Keywords
- women police officers, gender discrimination, sexual harassment, occupational culture, police deployment, women in policing
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