Retroviruses as vectors
Abstract
Recombinant retroviruses have long been used to deliver heterologous genes to mammalian cells. Convenient packaging cell lines and vector plasmids have been distributed widely and 'home-made' retroviral vectors have now become a useful research tool in many laboratories. Compared to more traditional methods of gene transfer, retroviral vectors are extraordinarily efficient gene delivery vehicles which cause no detectable harm as they enter their target cells. In the nucleus the retroviral necleic acid becomes integrated into chromosomal DNA, ensuring its long-term persistence and stable transmission to all future progeny of the transduced cell. Up to 8 kilobases of foreign gene sequence can be packaged in a retroviral vector and this is more than enough for most gene therapy applications. Retroviral vectors can also be manufactured in large quantities to meet very stringent safety specifications. They have therefore been selected as the vectors of choice in 80% of the clinical gene therapy trials that have been approved to date. So far there have been no reported short- or long-term toxicity problems associated with their use in human gene therapy trials, now dating back to 1989. However, despite this impressive record, there is still great scope (and need) for the development of new, improved retroviral vectors and packaging systems to fuel further advances in the field of human gene therapy. In the following discussion, existing retroviral vectors are reviewed and current areas of technological development are emphasised.
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The most significant advantage that retroviral vectors offer is their ability to transform their ssRNA genome into a dsDNA molecule that stably integrates into the target cell genome.
“The most significant advantage that retroviral vectors offer is their ability to transform their ssRNA genome into a dsDNA molecule that stably integrates into the target cell genome.”
From Viral Vector Systems for Gene Therapy: A Comprehensive Literature Review of Progress and Biosafety Challenges (2020) · cites this paper as [85]
While lentiviral systems are derived from HIV, their organization across numerous plasmids and the deletion of many HIV proteins lowers the likelihood of generating replication-capable virus.
“While lentiviral systems are derived from HIV, their organization across numerous plasmids and the deletion of many HIV proteins lowers the likelihood of generating replication-capable virus.”
From Viral Vector Systems for Gene Therapy: A Comprehensive Literature Review of Progress and Biosafety Challenges (2020) · cites this paper as [85]
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de Godoy, J. L. (2000) · Jornal de Pediatria · doi:10.2223/jped.41
Drug targeting delivery systems for treatment of Raf-1 induced lung tumors in mice
Afify, S. (2007) · Online Publication Service of Würzburg University (Würzburg University)
Somatische Gentherapie und Humane Genomprojekt
Kayser, O. (2002) · Vieweg+Teubner eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-322-80124-1_8
Introduction to Principles and Examples of Somatic Gene Therapy
Kleeberg, U., & Hildebrandt, A. G. (1997) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-60829-2_1
INVESTIGATION OF THE LIMITATIONS OF VIRAL GENE TRANSFER TO MURINE EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS
Chilton, J. M. (2008) · SMARTech Repository (Georgia Institute of Technology)
The insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, potential of gene therapy
Titok, T. G. (2003) · Biopolymers and Cell · doi:10.7124/bc.000637
“За сутки до введения таким крысам была проведена гепатэктомия для создания в печени очага проли ферации, необходимой для включения в геном гепатоцитов вводимой ретровирусной конструкции [5] .”
- Authors
- Vile, R. G., & Russell, S. J.
- Affiliations
- St Thomas' Hospital (GB)
- Venue
- British Medical Bulletin
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1995-01
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 12-30
- ISSN
- 0007-1420 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-8391
- OpenAlex
- W2413608033
- Cited by
- 114
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 7.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- British Medical Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Virus-based gene therapy research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Viral Infectious Diseases and Gene Expression in Insects
- Keywords
- retroviral vectors, gene therapy, gene delivery, packaging cell lines, viral integration, transduction efficiency, vector safety
- MeSH terms
- Genetic Engineering, Genetic Vectors, Humans, Retroviridae, Genetic Therapy, Gene Expression Regulation, Viral, Gene Transfer Techniques, Gene Targeting
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