The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 14 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Maximum-likelihood estimation of molecular haplotype frequencies in a diploid population.
Open accessAbstract
Molecular techniques allow the survey of a large number of linked polymorphic loci in random samples from diploid populations. However, the gametic phase of haplotypes is usually unknown when diploid individuals are heterozygous at more than one locus. To overcome this difficulty, we implement an expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm leading to maximum-likelihood estimates of molecular haplotype frequencies under the assumption of Hardy-Weinberg proportions. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated for simulated data representing both DNA sequences and highly polymorphic loci with different levels of recombination. As expected, the EM algorithm is found to perform best for large samples, regardless of recombination rates among loci. To ensure finding the global maximum likelihood estimate, the EM algorithm should be started from several initial conditions. The present approach appears to be useful for the analysis of nuclear DNA sequences or highly variable loci. Although the algorithm, in principle, can accommodate an arbitrary number of loci, there are practical limitations because the computing time grows exponentially with the number of polymorphic loci. Although the algorithm, in principle, can accommodate an arbitrary number of loci, there are practical limitations because the computing time grows exponentially with the number of polymorphic loci.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Often, genotypes can be resolved into several possible haplotypes, and inferred frequencies of rare haplotypes can be quite wrong10.”
From Linkage disequilibrium--understanding the evolutionary past and mapping the medical future. (2008) · cites this paper as [10]
Citations
Cites
Maximum Likelihood from Incomplete Data Via the EM Algorithm
Dempster, A. P., Laird, N. M., & Rubin, D. B. (1977) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology · doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1977.tb01600.x · Cited by 50,444
Molecular Markers, Natural History and Evolution
Avise, J. C. (1994) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-2381-9 · Cited by 5,210
Analysis of any point mutation in DNA. The amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS)
Newton, C. R., Graham, A., Heptinstall, L., Powell, S. J., Summers, C. W., Kalsheker, N. A., Smith, J. C., & Markham, A. F. (1989) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/17.7.2503 · Cited by 2,483
Genetic data analysis II: methods for discrete population genetic data
(1996) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.34-2150 · Cited by 1,626
Inference of haplotypes from PCR-amplified samples of diploid populations.
(1990) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040591 · Cited by 765
Wu, D. Y., Ugozzoli, L. A., Pal, B. K., & Wallace, R. B. (1989) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.86.8.2757 · Cited by 617
Estimation of linkage disequilibrium in randomly mating populations
Hill, W. G. (1974) · Heredity · doi:10.1038/hdy.1974.89 · Cited by 605
Genetic Data Analysis: Methods for Discrete Population Genetic Data
Slatkin, M., Maddison, W. P., & Weir, B. S. (1991) · Systematic Biology · doi:10.1093/sysbio/40.2.248 · Cited by 395
Self-citationLinkage disequilibrium in growing and stable populations.
Slatkin, M. (1994) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/137.1.331 · Cited by 352
Self-citationTHE ESTIMATION OF GENE FREQUENCIES IN A RANDOM‐MATING POPULATION
CEPPELLINI, B. R., SINISCALCO, M., & Smith, C. A. B. (1955) · Annals of Human Genetics · doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1955.tb01360.x · Cited by 346
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 1,000
Shinkai, H., Tanaka, M., Morozumi, T., Eguchi-Ogawa, T., Okumura, N., Muneta, Y., Awata, T., & Uenishi, H. (2006) · Immunogenetics · doi:10.1007/s00251-005-0068-z · Cited by 89
Linkage Disequilibrium Between Loci With Unknown Phase
Rogers, A. R., & Huff, C. D. (2009) · Genetics · doi:10.1534/genetics.108.093153 · Cited by 94
Gosso, M. F., de Geus, E. J. C., van Belzen, M. J., Polderman, T. J. C., Heutink, P., Boomsma, D. I., & Posthuma, D. (2006) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001868 · Cited by 90
HLA class I and class II DNA typing and the origin of Basques
Comas, D., Mateu, E., Calafell, F., Pérez-Lezaun, A., Bosch, E., Martínez‐Arias, R., & Bertranpetit, J. (1998) · Tissue Antigens · doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1998.tb02944.x · Cited by 89
Moskvina, V., Craddock, N., Holmans, P., Owen, M. J., & O’Donovan, M. C. (2006) · Human Heredity · doi:10.1159/000092553 · Cited by 88
Bellizzi, D., Dato, S., Cavalcante, P., Covello, G., Cianni, F. D., Passarino, G., Rose, G., & BENEDICTIS, G. D. (2006) · Genomics · doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2006.09.004 · Cited by 89
Bhanoori, M., Babu, K. A., Reddy, P. N. G., Rao, K. L., Zondervan, K. T., Deenadayal, M., Kennedy, S. M., & Shivaji, S. (2005) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deh852 · Cited by 87
Wooding, S., Watkins, W. S., Bamshad, M. J., Dunn, D. M., Weiss, R. B., & Jorde, L. B. (2002) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/342260 · Cited by 87
McAllister, T. W., Flashman, L. A., Rhodes, C. H., Tyler, A. L., Moore, J. H., Saykin, A. J., McDonald, B. C., Tosteson, T. D., & Tsongalis, G. J. (2008) · Brain Injury · doi:10.1080/02699050802263019 · Cited by 86
Model-Based Inference of Haplotype Block Variation
Greenspan, G., & Geiger, D. (2004) · Journal of Computational Biology · doi:10.1089/1066527041410300 · Cited by 86
Salem, R. M., Wessel, J., & Schork, N. J. (2005) · Human Genomics · doi:10.1186/1479-7364-2-1-39 · Cited by 87
Gutiérrez, B., Arranz, M. J., Collier, D. A., Vallès, V., Guillamat, R., Bertranpetit, J., Murray, R. M., & Fañanás, L. (1998) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(97)00540-4 · Cited by 85
The impact of genotyping error on haplotype reconstruction and frequency estimation
Kirk, K. M., & Cardon, L. R. (2002) · European Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200855 · Cited by 85
Gil, J., Ramsey, D., Stembalska, A., Karpiński, P., Pesz, K. A., Łaczmańska, I., Leszczyński, P., Grzebieniak, Z., & Sasiadek, M. M. (2011) · Molecular Biology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11033-011-0767-5 · Cited by 84
Stern, M. C., Conti, D. V., Siegmund, K. D., Corral, R., Yuan, J., Koh, W., & Yu, M. C. (2007) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-07-0268 · Cited by 84
TNFα polymorphisms and risk of psoriatic arthritis
Rahman, P., Siannis, F., Butt, C., Farewell, V. T., Peddle, L., Pellett, F., & Gladman, D. (2005) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/ard.2005.039164 · Cited by 84
Effectiveness of computational methods in haplotype prediction
Xu, C., Lewis, K. F., Cantone, K. L., Khan, P., Donnelly, C., White, N. J., Crocker, N., Boyd, P. R., Zaykin, D. V., & Purvis, I. J. (2001) · Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/s00439-001-0656-4 · Cited by 84
CYP2D6 Genotyping for Functional-Gene Dosage Analysis by Allele Copy Number Detection
Hosono, N., Kato, M., Kiyotani, K., Mushiroda, T., Takata, S., Sato, H., Amitani, H., Tsuchiya, Y. N., Yamazaki, K., Tsunoda, T., et al. (2009) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2009.123620 · Cited by 83
Comparison of prospective and retrospective methods for haplotype inference in case‐control studies
Satten, G. A., & Epstein, M. P. (2004) · Genetic Epidemiology · doi:10.1002/gepi.20020 · Cited by 83
Estimating haplotype frequencies and standard errors for multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms
Li, S. S. (2003) · Biostatistics · doi:10.1093/biostatistics/4.4.513 · Cited by 83
Haplotype and Linkage Disequilibrium Architecture for Human Cancer-Associated GenesPreprint
Bonnen, P. E., Wang, P. J., Kimmel, M., Chakraborty, R., & Nelson, D. L. (2002) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.483802 · Cited by 84
Melistas, L., Mantzoros, C. S., Kontogianni, M. D., Antonopoulou, S., Ordovás, J. M., & Yiannakouris, N. (2009) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-09-0492 · Cited by 82
Haplotype analysis of VDR gene polymorphisms: a meta-analysis
Thakkinstian, A., D’Este, C. A., & Attia, J. (2004) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-004-1601-x · Cited by 82
Loss of information due to ambiguous haplotyping of SNPs
Hodge, S. E., Boehnke, M., & Spence, M. A. (1999) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/7687 · Cited by 82
Eloranta, M.-L., Häkli, T., Hiltunen, M., Helisalmi, S., Punnonen, K. R. A., & Heinonen, S. T. (2003) · Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1080/00365520310000807 · Cited by 81
Association and Interaction of the IL4R, IL4, and IL13 Loci with Type 1 Diabetes among Filipinos
Bugawan, T. L., Mirel, D. B., Valdes, A. M., Panelo, A., Pozzilli, P., & Erlich, H. A. (2003) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/375655 · Cited by 81
Iwanami, M., Oshikawa, M., Nishida, T., Nakadomari, S., & Kato, S. (2012) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.11-9048 · Cited by 80
Ertekin-Taner, N. (2003) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddg343 · Cited by 80
Severinsen, J. E., Bjarkam, C. R., Kiar-Larsen, S., Olsen, I. M. L., Nielsen, M. M., Blechingberg, J., Nielsen, A. L., Holm, I. E., Foldager, L., Young, B. D., et al. (2006) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001885 · Cited by 81
Association of SNPs and haplotypes in GABAA receptor β2 gene with schizophrenia
Lo, W.-S., Lau, C.-F., Xuan, Z., Chan, C.-F., Feng, G.-Y., He, L., Cao, Z.-C., Liu, H., Luan, Q.-M., & Xue, H. (2003) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001461 · Cited by 79
Pooled analysis of genetic variation at chromosome 8q24 and colorectal neoplasia risk
Berndt, S. I., Potter, J. D., Hazra, A., Yeager, M., Thomas, G. D., Makar, K. W., Welch, R. A., Cross, A. J., Huang, W., Schoen, R. E., et al. (2008) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddn166 · Cited by 80
Correlation-Based Inference for Linkage Disequilibrium With Multiple Alleles
Zaykin, D. V., Pudovkin, A. I., & Weir, B. S. (2008) · Genetics · doi:10.1534/genetics.108.089409 · Cited by 79
Freedman, M. L., Pearce, C. L., Penney, K. L., Hirschhorn, J. N., Kolonel, L. N., Henderson, B. E., & Altshuler, D. (2004) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/427224 · Cited by 79
McAllister, T. W., Tyler, A. L., Flashman, L. A., Rhodes, C. H., McDonald, B. C., Saykin, A. J., Tosteson, T. D., Tsongalis, G. J., & Moore, J. H. (2011) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2011.1930 · Cited by 78
Ayed, K., Ayed‐Jendoubi, S., Sfar, I., Labonne, M. P., & Gebuhrer, L. (2004) · Tissue Antigens · doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.2004.00313.x · Cited by 78
Bernig, T., & Chanock, S. J. (2006) · Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics · doi:10.1586/14737159.6.3.319 · Cited by 78
Analysis of BTNL2 genetic polymorphisms in British and Dutch patients with sarcoidosis
Spagnolo, P., Satō, H., Grutters, J. C., Renzoni, E. A., Marshall, S. E., Ruven, H. J. T., Wells, A. U., Τzouvelekis, Α., van Moorsel, C. H. M., van den Bosch, J. M. M., et al. (2007) · Tissue Antigens · doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.2007.00879.x · Cited by 77
Hsing, A. W., Sakoda, L. C., Rashid, A., Andreotti, G., Chen, J., Wang, B.-S., Shen, M.-C., Chen, B. E., Rosenberg, P. S., Zhang, M.-D., et al. (2008) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-0444 · Cited by 77
Genetic associations of Nrf2-encoding NFE2L2 variants with Parkinson’s disease – a multicenter study
von Otter, M., Bergström, P., Quattrone, A., Marco, E. V. D., Annesi, G., Söderkvist, P., Wettinger, S. B., Droździk, M., Białecka, M. A., Nissbrandt, H., et al. (2014) · BMC Medical Genetics · doi:10.1186/s12881-014-0131-4 · Cited by 77
The genetic heterogeneity of Arab populations as inferred from HLA genes
Hajjej, A., Almawi, W. Y., Arnaiz‐Villena, A., Hattab, L., & Hmida, S. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0192269 · Cited by 77
EFFICIENT INFERENCE OF HAPLOTYPES FROM GENOTYPES ON A PEDIGREE
Li, J., & Jiang, T. (2003) · Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology · doi:10.1142/s0219720003000204 · Cited by 77
Llamas-Covarrubias, M. A., Valle, Y., Bucala, R., Navarro-Hernández, R. E., Palafox‐Sánchez, C. A., Padilla‐Gutiérrez, J. R., Parra‐Rojas, I., Bernard‐Medina, A. G., Reyes-Castillo, Z., & Muñóz-Valle, J. F. (2013) · Cytokine · doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2012.12.032 · Cited by 76
Weidinger, S., Klopp, N., Rummler, L., Wagenpfeil, S., Baurecht, H., Gauger, A., Darsow, U. G., Jakob, T., Novak, N., Schäfer, T., et al. (2005) · Clinical & Experimental Allergy · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02269.x · Cited by 76
Visser, C., Lashmar, S. F., van Marle-Köster, E., Poli, M. A., & Allain, D. D. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0154353 · Cited by 76
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the multidrug resistance 1 gene in Korean epileptics
Kim, Y. O., Kim, M. K., Woo, Y. J., Lee, M. C., Kim, J. H., Park, K. W., Kim, E. Y., Roh, Y., & Kim, C. J. (2006) · Seizure · doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2005.11.001 · Cited by 76
Single nucleotide polymorphism and linkage disequilibrium within the TCR alpha/delta locus
Moffatt, M. F. (2000) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/9.7.1011 · Cited by 76
Dilla-Ermita, C. J., Tandayu, E., Juanillas, V. M., Detras, J., Lozada, D. N., Dwiyanti, M. S., Cruz, C. V., Mbanjo, E. G. N., Ardales, E. Y., Diaz, M. G. Q., et al. (2017) · Rice · doi:10.1186/s12284-017-0147-4 · Cited by 75
Gordon, D., Yang, Y., Haynes, C. A., Finch, S. J., Mendell, N. R., Brown, A. M., & Haroutunian, V. H. (2004) · Statistical Applications in Genetics and Molecular Biology · doi:10.2202/1544-6115.1085 · Cited by 75
The Ghrelin Signalling System Is Involved in the Consumption of Sweets
Landgren, S., Simms, J. A., Thelle, D. S., Strandhagen, E., Bartlett, S. E., Engel, J. A., & Jerlhag, E. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018170 · Cited by 75
Reis, E. C., Soares, L. S., Vargas, S. M., dos Santos, F. R., Young, R. J., Bjorndal, K. A., Bolten, A. B., & Lôbo‐Hajdu, G. (2009) · Conservation Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10592-009-9975-0 · Cited by 75
Fc receptor genes and the systemic lupus erythematosus diathesis
Brown, E. E., Edberg, J. C., & Kimberly, R. P. (2007) · Autoimmunity · doi:10.1080/08916930701763710 · Cited by 75
Calderón, I., Giribet, G., & Turón, X. (2008) · Marine Biology · doi:10.1007/s00227-008-0908-0 · Cited by 75
Origin of Mayans according to HLA genes and the uniqueness of Amerindians
Gómez-Casado, E., Martı́nez-Laso, J., Moscoso, J., Zamora, J., Martín‐Villa, J. M., Pérez‐Blas, M., López‐Santalla, M., Gramajo, P., Silvera, C., Lowy, E., et al. (2003) · Tissue Antigens · doi:10.1034/j.1399-0039.2003.00040.x · Cited by 75
PPARGC1A Variation Associated With DNA Damage, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Diseases
Lai, C., Tucker, K. L., Parnell, L. D., Adiconis, X., García‐Bailo, B., Griffith, J. L., Meydani, M., & Ordovás, J. M. (2007) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db07-1238 · Cited by 75
Spinka, C., Carroll, R. J., & Chatterjee, N. (2005) · Genetic Epidemiology · doi:10.1002/gepi.20085 · Cited by 75
Kitamura, Y., Moriguchi, M., Kaneko, H., Morisaki, H., Morisaki, T., Toyama, K., & Kamatani, N. (2002) · PubMed · doi:10.1017/s0003480002001124 · Cited by 75
Schedel, M., Depner, M., Schoen, C., Weiland, S. K., Vogelberg, C., Niggemann, B., Lau, S., Illig, T., Klopp, N., Wahn, U., et al. (2006) · Respiratory Research · doi:10.1186/1465-9921-7-91 · Cited by 74
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) gene is associated with obsessive‐compulsive disorder
Zai, G. C., Bezchlibnyk, Y. B., Richter, M. A., Arnold, P. D., Burroughs, E., Barr, C. L., & Kennedy, J. L. (2004) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30077 · Cited by 74
Human leukocyte antigen alleles and susceptibility to psoriatic arthritis
Chandran, V., Bull, S. B., Pellett, F., Ayearst, R., Rahman, P., & Gladman, D. D. (2013) · Human Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2013.07.014 · Cited by 75
HLA polymorphisms in Italian bone marrow donors: a regional analysis
Rendine, S., Borelli, I., Barbanti, M., Sacchi, N., Roggero, S., & Curtoni, E. S. (1998) · Tissue Antigens · doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1998.tb02277.x · Cited by 74
Genetic Variation in the Progesterone Receptor Gene and Ovarian Cancer Risk
Terry, K. L., Vivo, I. D., Titus-Ernstoff, L. T., Sluss, P. M., & Cramer, D. W. (2005) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwi064 · Cited by 74
Vergara, C., Caraballo, L. R., Mercado, D., Jiménez, S., Rojas, W., Rafaels, N. M., Hand, T. A., Campbell, M., Tsai, Y. J., Gao, L., et al. (2009) · Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/s00439-009-0649-2 · Cited by 76
Risk assessment in haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Histocompatibility
Petersdorf, E. W. (2007) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Haematology · doi:10.1016/j.beha.2006.09.001 · Cited by 74
Haplotypic association spanning the 22q11.21 genes COMT and ARVCF with schizophrenia
Sanders, A. R., Rusu, I., Duan, J., Molen, J. E. V., Hou, C., Schwab, S. G., Wildenauer, D. B., Martinez, M. M., & Gejman, P. V. (2004) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001586 · Cited by 74
Tenesa, A., Knott, S., Ward, D., Smith, D. L., Williams, J. L., & Visscher, P. M. (2003) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.2527/2003.813617x · Cited by 74
The evolution and expression of virulence
Ebert, D., & Bull, J. J. (2007) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199207466.003.0012 · Cited by 75
Pharmacogenetics of glatiramer acetate therapy for multiple sclerosis reveals drug-response markers
Grossman, I., Avidan, N., Singer, C., Goldstaub, D., Hayardeny, L., Eyal, E., Ben‐Asher, E., Paperna, T., Pe’er, I., Lancet, D., et al. (2007) · Pharmacogenetics and Genomics · doi:10.1097/fpc.0b013e3281299169 · Cited by 73
Li, J., & Jiang, T. (2005) · Journal of Computational Biology · doi:10.1089/cmb.2005.12.719 · Cited by 73
Mack, S. J., Tu, B., Lázaro, A., Yang, R., Lancaster, A. K., Cao, K., Ng, J., & Hurley, C. K. (2008) · Tissue Antigens · doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.2008.01151.x · Cited by 73
Slattery, M. L., Curtin, K., Baumgartner, R., Sweeney, C., Byers, T., Giuliano, A. R., Baumgartner, K. B., & Wolff, R. K. (2007) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-06-0667 · Cited by 73
Lammer, E. J., Shaw, G. M., Iovannisci, D. M., & Finnell, R. H. (2004) · Birth Defects Research Part A Clinical and Molecular Teratology · doi:10.1002/bdra.20081 · Cited by 73
Linkage Disequilibrium Testing When Linkage Phase Is Unknown
Schaid, D. J. (2004) · Genetics · doi:10.1534/genetics.166.1.505 · Cited by 73
Yin, T., DiFazio, S. P., Gunter, L. E., Jawdy, S. S., Boerjan, W., & Tuskan, G. A. (2004) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01161.x · Cited by 74
Zhang, S., PAKSTIS, A. J., Kídd, K. K., & Zhao, H. (2001) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/323622 · Cited by 73
Liu, G., Carter, B., Bricken, T., Jain, S., Viard, M., Carrington, M. N., & Gifford, D. K. (2020) · Cell Systems · doi:10.1016/j.cels.2020.06.009 · Cited by 75
Matsukura, H., Ikeda, S., Yoshimura, N., Takazoe, M., & Muramatsu, M. (2008) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2008.03630.x · Cited by 72
HLA Alleles and Amino-Acid Signatures of the Peptide-Binding Pockets of HLA Molecules in Vitiligo
Singh, A. K., Sharma, P., Kar, H. K., Sharma, V., Tembhre, M. K., Gupta, S., Laddha, N. C., Dwivedi, M., Begum, R., Gokhale, R. S., et al. (2011) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.2011.240 · Cited by 72
Genetic variations in the gene encoding TFAP2B are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Maeda, S., Tsukada, S., Kanazawa, A., Sekine, A., Tsunoda, T., Koya, D., Maegawa, H., Kashiwagi, A., Babazono, T., Matsuda, M., et al. (2005) · Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10038-005-0253-9 · Cited by 72
Aouizerat, B. E., Vittinghoff, E., Musone, S. L., Pawlikowska, L., Kwok, P., Olgin, J. E., & Tseng, Z. H. (2011) · BMC Cardiovascular Disorders · doi:10.1186/1471-2261-11-29 · Cited by 72
Urayama, K. Y., Wiencke, J. K., Buffler, P. A., Chokkalingam, A. P., Metayer, C., & Wiemels, J. L. (2007) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-07-0007 · Cited by 72
Hung, C., Chang, W.-L., Ho, J.-L., Tai, J. J., Hsieh, T.-J., Huang, H., Hsieh, Y., & Liou, H. (2011) · Pharmacogenomics · doi:10.2217/pgs.11.141 · Cited by 72
Fitze, G. (2003) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddg354 · Cited by 72
Gene Mapping in Isolated Populations: New Roles for Old Friends?
Jorde, L. B., Watkins, W. S., Kere, J., Nyman, D., & Eriksson, A. W. (1999) · Human Heredity · doi:10.1159/000022891 · Cited by 72
Li, F., Feng, Q., Lee, C. Y. W., Wang, S., Pelleymounter, L. L., Moon, I., Eckloff, B. W., Wieben, E. D., Schaid, D. J., Yee, V. C., et al. (2008) · Molecular Genetics and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2008.03.013 · Cited by 71
Yoshida, R. Y., Fukami, M., Sasagawa, I., Hasegawa, T., Kamatani, N., & Ogata, T. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2005-0211 · Cited by 71
Castaño‐Rodríguez, N., Kaakoush, N. O., Pardo, A. L., Goh, K., Fock, K. M., & Mitchell, H. M. (2014) · Human Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2014.06.001 · Cited by 70
Sakoda, L. C., Gao, Y.-T., Chen, B. E., Chen, J., Rosenberg, P. S., Rashid, A., Deng, J., Shen, M.-C., Wang, B.-S., Han, T., et al. (2005) · Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1093/carcin/bgi314 · Cited by 70
Risk of Early-Onset Prostate Cancer in Relation to Germ Line Polymorphisms of the Vitamin D Receptor
Oakley-Girvan, I. A., Feldman, D., Eccleshall, T. R., Gallagher, R. P., Wu, A. H., Kolonel, L. N., Halpern, J., Balise, R. R., West, D. W., Paffenbarger, R. S., et al. (2004) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.1325.13.8 · Cited by 70
Efficient rule-based haplotyping algorithms for pedigree data
Li, J., & Jiang, T. (2003) · Research in Computational Molecular Biology · doi:10.1145/640075.640101 · Cited by 70
Shi, M., Caprau, D., Romitti, P. A., Christensen, K., & Murray, J. C. (2003) · Birth Defects Research Part A Clinical and Molecular Teratology · doi:10.1002/bdra.10076 · Cited by 70
STK15 Polymorphisms and Association with Risk of Invasive Ovarian Cancer
DiCioccio, R. A., Song, H., Waterfall, C. M., Kimura, M., Nagase, H., McGuire, V. M., Høgdall, E. V. S., Shah, M., Luben, R., Easton, D. F., et al. (2004) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.1589.13.10 · Cited by 70
Genetic variation in Khoisan-speaking populations from southern Africa
Schlebusch, C. M. (2011) · University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg Institutional Repository on DSpace (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg) · Cited by 70
Schedel, M., Michel, S., Gaertner, V. D., Toncheva, A. A., Depner, M., Binia, A., Schieck, M., Rieger, M. T., Klopp, N., Berg, A. V., et al. (2015) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2015.03.014 · Cited by 69
Edelaar, P., ALONSO, D., Lagerveld, S., Señar, J. C., & Björklund, M. (2012) · Journal of Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02443.x · Cited by 69
Prots, I., Skapenko, A., Wendler, J., Mattyasovszky, S. G., Yoné, C., Spriewald, B. M., Burkhardt, H., Rau, R., Kalden, J. R., Lipsky, P. E., et al. (2006) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.21832 · Cited by 69
Mismatch repair polymorphisms and the risk of colorectal cancer
Berndt, S. I., Platz, E. A., Fallin, M. D., Thuita, L. W., Hoffman, S. C., & Helzlsouer, K. J. (2007) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.22510 · Cited by 69
Understanding the accuracy of statistical haplotype inference with sequence data of known phase
Andrés, A. M., Clark, A. G., Shimmin, L., Boerwinkle, E., Sing, C. F., & Hixson, J. E. (2007) · Genetic Epidemiology · doi:10.1002/gepi.20185 · Cited by 68
Zai, G., Arnold, P., Burroughs, E., Barr, C. L., Richter, M. A., & Kennedy, J. L. (2005) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30152 · Cited by 68
Widespread horizontal genomic exchange does not erode species barriers among sympatric ducks
Kraus, R. H., Kerstens, H. H. D., van Hooft, P., Megens, H., Elmberg, J., Цвей, А. Л., Sartakov, D., Soloviev, S. A., Crooijmans, R. P. M. A., Groenen, M. A. M., et al. (2012) · BMC Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1186/1471-2148-12-45 · Cited by 68
snpR: User friendly population genomics for SNP data sets with categorical metadata
Hemstrom, W., & Jones, M. L. (2022) · Molecular Ecology Resources · doi:10.1111/1755-0998.13721 · Cited by 68
Metadata
- Authors
- Excoffier, L., & Slatkin, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Geneva (CH)
- Venue
- Molecular Biology and Evolution
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1995-09
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 921-7
- ISSN
- 0737-4038 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-1719
- OpenAlex
- W1891283710
- Cited by
- 1,950
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 52 · 2013: 69 · 2012: 76
- FWCI
- 3.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Molecular Biology and Evolution (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (39847)
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM-40282, R01GM040282)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic diversity and population structure
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Forensic and Genetic Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Keywords
- haplotype frequencies, maximum likelihood estimation, expectation-maximization algorithm, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, recombination, heterozygosity, diploid populations, multilocus analysis, computational complexity
- MeSH terms
- Algorithms, Animals, Diploidy, Gene Frequency, Haplotypes, Humans, Genetic Linkage, Mathematics, Models, Genetic, Monte Carlo Method, Probability, Regression Analysis, Models, Statistical
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review