Cited by 771Schizophrenia research and treatmentMental Health and PsychiatryHallucinations in medical conditions

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Measurement of Delusional Ideation in the Normal Population: Introducing the PDI (Peters et al. Delusions Inventory)

Peters, E. R., Joseph, S. A., Garety, P. A.·1999·Schizophrenia Bulletin

DOI 10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033401

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Abstract

The Peters et al. Delusions Inventory (PDI) was designed to measure delusional ideation in the normal population, using the Present State Examination as a template. The multidimensionality of delusions was incorporated by assessing measures of distress, preoccupation, and conviction. Individual items were endorsed by one in four adults on average. No sex differences were found, and an inverse relationship with age was obtained. Good internal consistency was found, and its concurrent validity was confirmed by the percentages of common variance with three scales measuring schizotypy, magical ideation, and delusions. PDI scores up to 1 year later remained consistent, establishing its test-retest reliability. Psychotic inpatients had significantly higher scores, establishing its criterion validity. The ranges of scores between the normal and deluded groups overlapped considerably, consistent with the continuity view of psychosis. The two samples were differentiated by their ratings on the distress, preoccupation, and conviction scales, confirming the necessity for a multidimensional analysis of delusional thinking. Possible avenues of research using this scale and its clinical utility are highlighted.

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Authors: Peters, E. R., Joseph, S. A., & Garety, P. A.
Affiliations: University of Warwick (GB)
University of London (GB)
ORCID: Peters, E. R.
Joseph, S. A.
Garety, P. A.
Venue: Schizophrenia Bulletin
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 1999-01-01
Volume: 25
Issue: 3
Pages: 553-576
ISSN: 0586-7614 (ISSN-L)
1745-1701
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033401
OpenAlex: W2067384877
Cited by: 771
References: 53
Citations by year: 2026: 16 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 45 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 36
FWCI: 6.91
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Schizophrenia Bulletin (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hallucinations in medical conditions
Keywords: delusional ideation
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Delusions, England, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Psychotic Disorders, Reference Values, Sampling Studies, Schizotypal Personality Disorder, Superstitions, Thinking, Reproducibility of Results, Chi-Square Distribution

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Measurement of Delusional Ideation in the Normal Population: Introducing the PDI (Peters et al. Delusions Inventory)

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