Cited by 771Schizophrenia research and treatmentMental Health and PsychiatryHallucinations in medical conditions

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 53 of the 53 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Measurement of Delusional Ideation in the Normal Population: Introducing the PDI (Peters et al. Delusions Inventory)

Peters, E. R., Joseph, S. A., Garety, P. A.·1999·Schizophrenia Bulletin

DOI 10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033401

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The Peters et al. Delusions Inventory (PDI) was designed to measure delusional ideation in the normal population, using the Present State Examination as a template. The multidimensionality of delusions was incorporated by assessing measures of distress, preoccupation, and conviction. Individual items were endorsed by one in four adults on average. No sex differences were found, and an inverse relationship with age was obtained. Good internal consistency was found, and its concurrent validity was confirmed by the percentages of common variance with three scales measuring schizotypy, magical ideation, and delusions. PDI scores up to 1 year later remained consistent, establishing its test-retest reliability. Psychotic inpatients had significantly higher scores, establishing its criterion validity. The ranges of scores between the normal and deluded groups overlapped considerably, consistent with the continuity view of psychosis. The two samples were differentiated by their ratings on the distress, preoccupation, and conviction scales, confirming the necessity for a multidimensional analysis of delusional thinking. Possible avenues of research using this scale and its clinical utility are highlighted.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033401

Cites

53 of 53 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
The Scree Test For The Number Of Factors
Cattell, R. B. (1966) · Multivariate Behavioral Research · doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr0102_10 · Cited by 13,554
The Varimax Criterion for Analytic Rotation in Factor Analysis
Kaiser, H. F. (1958) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02289233 · Cited by 7,605
Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias
(1951) · Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1951.02920270079043 · Cited by 4,407
Book Review: Measurement and Classification of Psychiatric Symptoms
Priest, R. G. (1975) · Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/003591577506800751 · Cited by 2,268
Measurement and classification of psychiatric symptoms
Goldberg, D. P. (1975) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(75)90076-8 · Cited by 2,194
The SPQ: A Scale for the Assessment of Schizotypal Personality Based on DSM-III-R Criteria
Raine, A. (1991) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/17.4.555 · Cited by 2,164
Schizotaxia, schizotypy, schizophrenia.
Meehl, P. E. (1962) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/h0041029 · Cited by 2,036
Magical ideation as an indicator of schizotypy.
Eckblad, M., & Chapman, L. J. (1983) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.51.2.215 · Cited by 1,155
CLINICAL PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
Stengel, E. (1960) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.1.5178.1031-b · Cited by 988

Show all 53 references

Sorted by citations

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the psychosis continuum: evidence for a psychosis proneness-persistence-impairment model of psychotic disorder
van Os, J., Linscott, R. J., Myin-Germeys, I., Delespaul, P., & Krabbendam, L. (2009) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291708003814 · Cited by 2,343
A cognitive model of the positive symptoms of psychosis
GARETY, P. A., KUIPERS, E., FOWLER, D., FREEMAN, D., & BEBBINGTON, P. E. (2001) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291701003312 · Cited by 1,546
Self-citation
THE CONTINUITY OF PSYCHOTIC EXPERIENCES IN THE GENERAL POPULATION
Johns, L. C., & van Os, J. (2001) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(01)00103-9 · Cited by 960
Evidence that three dimensions of psychosis have a distribution in the general population
Stefanis, N. C., Hanssen, M., SMIRNIS, N. K., Avramopoulos, D., Evdokimidis, I., Stefanis, C., Verdoux, H., & van Os, J. (2002) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291701005141 · Cited by 945
PERSECUTORY DELUSIONS: A REVIEW AND THEORETICAL INTEGRATION
Bentall, R. P., Corcoran, R., Howard, R. J., Blackwood, N., & Kinderman, P. (2001) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(01)00106-4 · Cited by 876
Suspicious minds: The psychology of persecutory delusions
Freeman, D. (2007) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2006.10.004 · Cited by 814
The interpretation of intrusions in psychosis: an integrative cognitive approach to hallucinations and delusions
Morrison, A. P. (2001) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465801003010 · Cited by 673
Measuring Delusional Ideation: The 21-Item Peters et al. Delusions Inventory (PDI)
Peters, E., Joseph, S., Day, S., & Garety, P. (2004) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007116 · Cited by 607
Self-citation
Prevalence of Psychotic Disorder and Community Level of Psychotic Symptoms
van Os, J., Hanssen, M., Bijl, R. V., & Vollebergh, W. (2001) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.58.7.663 · Cited by 567
Psychotic symptoms in non-clinical populations and the continuum of psychosis
Verdoux, H., & van Os, J. (2002) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(01)00352-8 · Cited by 557
Validity and reliability of the CAPE: a self‐report instrument for the measurement of psychotic experiences in the general population
Konings, M., Bak, M., Hanssen, M., van Os, J., & Krabbendam, L. (2006) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00741.x · Cited by 523
Connecting neurosis and psychosis: the direct influence of emotion on delusions and hallucinations
Freeman, D. H., & Garety, P. A. (2003) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00104-3 · Cited by 485
Self-citation
The Brief Core Schema Scales (BCSS): psychometric properties and associations with paranoia and grandiosity in non-clinical and psychosis samples
FOWLER, D., FREEMAN, D., SMITH, B., KUIPERS, E., BEBBINGTON, P., BASHFORTH, H., COKER, S., HODGEKINS, J., GRACIE, A., DUNN, G., et al. (2006) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291706007355 · Cited by 476
Self-citation
Evidence That Onset of Clinical Psychosis Is an Outcome of Progressively More Persistent Subclinical Psychotic Experiences: An 8-Year Cohort Study
Dominguez, M.-D.-G., Wichers, M., Lieb, R., Wïttchen, H., & van Os, J. (2009) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbp022 · Cited by 487
The incidence and outcome of subclinical psychotic experiences in the general population
Hanssen, M., Bak, M., Bijl, R. V., Vollebergh, W., & van Os, J. (2005) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466505x29611 · Cited by 442
Measuring ideas of persecution and social reference: the Green et al . Paranoid Thought Scales (GPTS)
Green, C. E. L., Freeman, D., Kuipers, E., Bebbington, P., Fowler, D., Dunn, G., & Garety, P. A. (2008) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291707001638 · Cited by 401
Self-citation
Consequences of chronic ketamine self‐administration upon neurocognitive function and psychological wellbeing: a 1‐year longitudinal study
Morgan, C. J. A., Muetzelfeldt, L., & Curran, H. V. (2010) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02761.x · Cited by 373
The Ambiguous Intentions Hostility Questionnaire (AIHQ): A new measure for evaluating hostile social-cognitive biases in paranoia
Combs, D. R., Penn, D. L., Wicher, M., & Waldheter, E. (2007) · Cognitive Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1080/13546800600787854 · Cited by 360
Psychosis, delusions and the “jumping to conclusions” reasoning bias: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Dudley, R., Taylor, P., Wickham, S., & Hutton, P. (2016) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbv150 · Cited by 353
Implications for neurobiological research of cognitive models of psychosis: a theoretical paper
GARETY, P. A., BEBBINGTON, P., FOWLER, D., FREEMAN, D., & KUIPERS, E. (2007) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s003329170700013x · Cited by 347
Self-citation
Does the Concept of "Sensitization" Provide a Plausible Mechanism for the Putative Link Between the Environment and Schizophrenia?
Collip, D., Myin-Germeys, I., & Van Os, J. (2007) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbm163 · Cited by 305
Effects of cannabidiol on schizophrenia-like symptoms in people who use cannabis
Morgan, C. J. A., & Curran, H. V. (2008) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.107.046649 · Cited by 300
The Cognitive and Affective Structure of Paranoid Delusions: A Transdiagnostic Investigation of Patients With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders and Depression
Bentall, R. P., Rowse, G., Shryane, N., Kinderman, P., Howard, R., Blackwood, N., Moore, R., & Corcoran, R. (2009) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.1 · Cited by 295
The paradoxical psychological effects of lysergic acid diethylamide LSD
Carhart-Harris, R. L., Kaelen, M., Bolstridge, M., Williams, T. M., Williams, L. T., Underwood, R., Feilding, A., & Nutt, D. J. (2016) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291715002901 · Cited by 293
Hopping, skipping or jumping to conclusions? Clarifying the role of the JTC bias in delusions
Fine, C., Gardner, M. R., Craigie, J., & Gold, I. (2006) · Cognitive Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1080/13546800600750597 · Cited by 291
The Cardiff Anomalous Perceptions Scale (CAPS): A New Validated Measure of Anomalous Perceptual Experience
Bell, V., Halligan, P. W., & Ellis, H. D. (2006) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbj014 · Cited by 288
Cognitive Neuropsychiatric Models of Persecutory Delusions
Blackwood, N., Howard, R. J., Bentall, R. P., & Murray, R. M. (2001) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.4.527 · Cited by 293
Emotional and behavioural antecedents of young adults who screen positive for non-affective psychosis: a 21-year birth cohort study
Welham, J., Scott, J., Williams, G., Najman, J., Bor, W., O'Callaghan, M., & McGrath, J. (2009) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291708003760 · Cited by 288
Genetics, Cognition, and Neurobiology of Schizotypal Personality: A Review of the Overlap with Schizophrenia
Ettinger, U., Meyhöfer, I., Steffens, M., Wagner, M., & Koutsouleris, N. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00018 · Cited by 300
Association Between Cannabis Use and Psychosis-Related Outcomes Using Sibling Pair Analysis in a Cohort of Young Adults
McGrath, J. J., Welham, J., Scott, J. G., Varghese, D., Degenhardt, L. J., Hayatbakhsh, M. R., Alati, R., Williams, G. M., Bor, W., & Najman, J. M. (2010) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.6 · Cited by 279
Does normal developmental expression of psychosis combine with environmental risk to cause persistence of psychosis? A psychosis proneness-persistence model
COUGNARD, A., MARCELIS, M., MYIN-GERMEYS, I., DE GRAAF, R., VOLLEBERGH, W., KRABBENDAM, L., LIEB, R., WITTCHEN, H.-U., HENQUET, C., SPAUWEN, J., et al. (2007) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291706009731 · Cited by 276
The effects of individually tailored formulation-based cognitive behavioural therapy in auditory hallucinations and delusions: A meta-analysis
van der Gaag, M., Valmaggia, L. R., & Smit, F. (2014) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2014.03.016 · Cited by 271
Psychotic-Like Experiences in Major Depression and Anxiety Disorders: A Population-Based Survey in Young Adults
Varghese, D., Scott, J. G., Welham, J., Bor, W., Najman, J. M., O'Callaghan, M. J., Williams, G. M., & McGrath, J. J. (2009) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbp083 · Cited by 271
Psychosocial Treatments to Promote Functional Recovery in Schizophrenia
Kern, R. S., Glynn, S. M., Horan, W. P., & Marder, S. R. (2009) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbn177 · Cited by 268
Alterations in theory of mind in patients with schizophrenia and non‐psychotic relatives
Janssen, I., Krabbendam, L., Jolles, J., & Van Os, J. (2003) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0447.2003.00092.x · Cited by 263
Delusional ideation in religious and psychotic populations
PETERS, E. R., Day, S., Mckenna, J., & ORBACH, G. (1999) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466599162683 · Cited by 263
Self-citation
Fluctuations in self-esteem and paranoia in the context of daily life.
Thewissen, V., Bentall, R. P., Lecomte, T., van Os, J., & Myin‐Germeys, I. (2008) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.117.1.143 · Cited by 272
Determinants of occurrence and recovery from hallucinations in daily life
Delespaul, P., deVries, M., & van Os, J. (2002) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s001270200000 · Cited by 247
The association between traumatic experience, paranoia and hallucinations: a test of the predictions of psychological models
Gracie, A., Freeman, D. H., Green, S., Garety, P. A., Kuipers, E., Hardy, A., Ray, K., Dunn, G., Bebbington, P., & Fowler, D. G. (2007) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2007.01011.x · Cited by 254
Self-citation
Community screening for psychotic-like experiences and other putative antecedents of schizophrenia in children aged 9–12 years
Laurens, K. R., Hodgins, S., Maughan, B., Murray, R. M., Rutter, M. L., & TAYLOR, E. (2007) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2006.11.006 · Cited by 239
The Cognitive Psychopathology of Internet Gaming Disorder in Adolescence
King, D. L., & Delfabbro, P. (2016) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-016-0135-y · Cited by 233
Assessment of positive functioning in clinical psychology: Theoretical and practical issues
Joseph, S., & Wood, A. M. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.01.002 · Cited by 248
Self-citation
WORRY, WORRY PROCESSES AND DIMENSIONS OF DELUSIONS: AN EXPLORATORY INVESTIGATION OF A ROLE FOR ANXIETY PROCESSES IN THE MAINTENANCE OF DELUSIONAL DISTRESS
Freeman, D. H., & Garety, P. A. (1999) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s135246589927107x · Cited by 218
Self-citation
Explaining delusions: a cognitive perspective
Bell, V., Halligan, P. W., & Ellis, H. D. (2006) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2006.03.004 · Cited by 213
The cognitive neuropsychiatry of auditory verbal hallucinations: An overview
David, A. S. (2004) · Cognitive Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1080/13546800344000183 · Cited by 220
Delusion formation and reasoning biases in those at clinical high risk for psychosis
Broome, M. R., Johns, L. C., Valli, I., Woolley, J. B., Tabraham, P., Brett, C., Valmaggia, L., Peters, E., Garety, P. A., & McGuire, P. K. (2007) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.191.51.s38 · Cited by 204
Self-citation
Attachment styles, interpersonal relationships and psychotic phenomena in a non-clinical student sample
Berry, K., Wearden, A. J., Barrowclough, C., & Liversidge, T. (2006) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2006.03.009 · Cited by 224
Delusions and the role of beliefs in perceptual inference
Schmack, K., Gòmez-Carrillo de Castro, A., Rothkirch, M., Sekutowicz, M., Rössler, H., Haynes, J.-D., Heinz, A., Petrovic, P., & Sterzer, P. (2013) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1778-13.2013 · Cited by 198
Jumping to conclusions about the beads task? A meta-analysis of delusional ideation and data-gathering
Ross, R. M., McKay, R., Coltheart, M., & Langdon, R. (2015) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbu187 · Cited by 198
Effects of cannabis and psychosis vulnerability in daily life: an experience sampling test study
Verdoux, H., Gindre, C., Sorbara, F., Tournier, M., & Swendsen, J. D. (2003) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291702006384 · Cited by 193
Jumping to conclusions and paranoid ideation in the general population
Freeman, D. H., PUGH, K., & Garety, P. A. (2008) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2008.03.020 · Cited by 192
Self-citation
Ketamine use, cognition and psychological wellbeing: a comparison of frequent, infrequent and ex‐users with polydrug and non‐using controls
Morgan, C. J. A., Muetzelfeldt, L., & Curran, H. V. (2008) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02394.x · Cited by 186
The Effect of State Anxiety on Paranoid Ideation and Jumping to Conclusions. An Experimental Investigation
Lincoln, T. M., Lange, J. F., Burau, J., Exner, C., & Moritz, S. (2009) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbp029 · Cited by 196
Mistrust and misinformation: A two-component, socio-epistemic model of belief in conspiracy theories
Pierre, J. M. (2020) · Journal of Social and Political Psychology · doi:10.5964/jspp.v8i2.1362 · Cited by 202
Factorial Composition of Self-Rated Schizotypal Traits Among Young Males Undergoing Military Training
Stefanis, N. C., Smyrnis, N., Avramopoulos, D., Evdokimidis, I., Ntzoufras, I., & STEFANIS, C. N. (2004) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007083 · Cited by 185
Cognitive functioning in delusions: A longitudinal analysis
PETERS, E. R., & Garety, P. A. (2005) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.03.008 · Cited by 176
Self-citation
Why we need more debate on whether psychotic symptoms lie on a continuum with normality
David, A. S. (2010) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291710000188 · Cited by 184
Cognitive and emotional predictors of predisposition to hallucinations in non‐patients
Morrison, A. P., Adrian Wells, A., & Nothard, S. (2002) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466502760379127 · Cited by 174
Social cognition and subclinical paranoid ideation
Martin, J. A., & Penn, D. L. (2001) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466501163670 · Cited by 173
Models of Schizotypy: The Importance of Conceptual Clarity
Grant, P. S., Green, M. J., & Mason, O. J. (2018) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sby012 · Cited by 186
Over-valued ideas: a conceptual analysis
Veale, D. M. (2002) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(01)00016-x · Cited by 163
A Comparison of Two Delivery Modalities of a Mobile Phone-Based Assessment for Serious Mental Illness: Native Smartphone Application vs Text-Messaging Only Implementations
Ainsworth, J. D., Palmier‐Claus, J. E., Machin, M., Barrowclough, C., Dunn, G., Rogers, A. E., Buchan, I. E., Barkus, E., Kapur, S., Wykes, T., et al. (2013) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.2328 · Cited by 166
Is there a continuum of psychotic experiences in the general population?
van Os, J. (2003) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s1121189x00003067 · Cited by 155
Relevant dimensions of delusions: Continuing the continuum versus category debate
Lincoln, T. M. (2007) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2007.02.013 · Cited by 158
Delusions in the nonclinical population
Freeman, D. (2006) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-006-0023-1 · Cited by 150
‘Salience syndrome’ replaces ‘schizophrenia’ in DSM‐V and ICD‐11: psychiatry’s evidence‐based entry into the 21st century?
van Os, J. (2009) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2009.01456.x · Cited by 156
PARANOIA IN A NONCLINICAL POPULATION OF COLLEGE STUDENTS
Ellett, L., Lopes, B., & Chadwick, P. (2003) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000081646.33030.ef · Cited by 148
Reasoning Anomalies Associated With Delusions in Schizophrenia
Langdon, R. A., Ward, P. B., & Coltheart, M. (2008) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbn069 · Cited by 147
Examining the psychosis continuum
DeRosse, P., & Karlsgodt, K. H. (2015) · Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s40473-015-0040-7 · Cited by 145
A quantitative genetic analysis of schizotypal personality traits
Linney, Y., Murray, R. M., PETERS, E. R., MacDONALD, A. M., Rijsdijk, F. V., & Sham, P. C. (2003) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291703007906 · Cited by 140
Self-citation
Thinking Preferences and Conspiracy Belief: Intuitive Thinking and the Jumping to Conclusions-Bias as a Basis for the Belief in Conspiracy Theories
Pytlik, N., Soll, D., & Mehl, S. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.568942 · Cited by 151
Variation in catechol-o-methyltransferase val158 met genotype associated with schizotypy but not cognition: A population study in 543 young men
Stefanis, N. C., Os, J. V., Avramopoulos, D., Smyrnis, N., Evdokimidis, I., Hantoumi, I., & Stefanis, C. N. (2004) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.06.038 · Cited by 138
Bayesian modelling of Jumping-to-Conclusions bias in delusional patients
Moutoussis, M., Bentall, R. P., El-Deredy, W., & Dayan, P. (2011) · Cognitive Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1080/13546805.2010.548678 · Cited by 137
Emotional and symptomatic reactivity to stress in individuals at ultra-high risk of developing psychosis
Palmier‐Claus, J. E., Dunn, G., & Lewis, S. W. (2011) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291711001929 · Cited by 154
To trust or not to trust: the dynamics of social interaction in psychosis
Fett, A.-K. J., Shergill, S. S., Joyce, D. W., Riedl, A. M., Strobel, M., Gromann, P. M., & Krabbendam, L. (2012) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awr359 · Cited by 136
The Assessment of Schizotypy and Its Clinical Relevance
Mason, O. J. (2015) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbu194 · Cited by 141
Control theory and psychopathology: an integrative approach.
Mansell, W. (2005) · Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice · doi:10.1348/147608304x21400 · Cited by 133
‘Jumping to conclusions’ data-gathering bias in psychosis and other psychiatric disorders — Two meta-analyses of comparisons between patients and healthy individuals
So, S. H., Siu, N. Y.-F., Wong, H.-L., Chan, W., & Garety, P. A. (2016) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2016.05.001 · Cited by 142
Self-citation
Does cognitive behavior therapy for psychosis (CBTp) show a sustainable effect on delusions? A meta-analysis
Mehl, S., Werner, D., & Lincoln, T. M. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01450 · Cited by 129
The role of subclinical paranoia on social perception and behavior
Combs, D. R. (2003) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(03)00051-3 · Cited by 129
Faith or Delusion? At the Crossroads of Religion and Psychosis
Pierre, J. M. (2001) · Journal of Psychiatric Practice · doi:10.1097/00131746-200105000-00004 · Cited by 129
Varieties of Voice-Hearing: Psychics and the Psychosis Continuum
Powers, A. R., Kelley, M. S., & Corlett, P. R. (2017) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbw133 · Cited by 124
Evidence for a persistent, environment-dependent and deteriorating subtype of subclinical psychotic experiences: a 6-year longitudinal general population study
Wigman, J. T. W., van Winkel, R., Raaijmakers, Q. A. W., Ormel, J., Verhulst, F. C., Reijneveld, S. A., van Os, J., & Vollebergh, W. (2011) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291711000304 · Cited by 129
Dimensions and the psychosis phenotype
Allardyce, J., Suppes, T. M., & van Os, J. (2007) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.214 · Cited by 131
The Incidence of Schizotypy among Cannabis and Alcohol Users
Nunn, J. A., Rizza, F., & PETERS, E. R. (2001) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-200111000-00002 · Cited by 122
Self-citation
Metacognitions in proneness towards hallucinations and delusions
Larøi, F., & der Linden, M. V. (2005) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2004.10.008 · Cited by 122
The jumping to conclusions bias in delusions: Specificity and changeability.
Lincoln, T. M., Ziegler, M., Mehl, S., & Rief, W. (2010) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0018118 · Cited by 113
Perceived Racism as a Predictor of Paranoia Among African Americans
Combs, D. R., Penn, D. L., Cassisi, J. E., Michael, C., Wood, T., Wanner, J. L., & Adams, S. (2005) · Journal of Black Psychology · doi:10.1177/0095798405283175 · Cited by 113
A systematic review on definitions and assessments of psychotic‐like experiences
Lee, K., Chan, K., Chang, W. C., Lee, E. H. M., Hui, C. L. M., & Chen, E. Y. H. (2015) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/eip.12228 · Cited by 121
Cannabis use and dimensions of psychosis in a nonclinical population of female subjects
Verdoux, H., Sorbara, F., Gindre, C., Swendsen, J. D., & van Os, J. (2002) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(01)00401-7 · Cited by 111
Dietary intake of fish, omega-3, omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin D and the prevalence of psychotic-like symptoms in a cohort of 33 000 women from the general population
Hedelin, M., Löf, M., Olsson, M., Lewander, T., Nilsson, B. M., Hultman, C. M., & Weiderpass, E. (2010) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-10-38 · Cited by 111
Long-Term Heavy Ketamine Use is Associated with Spatial Memory Impairment and Altered Hippocampal Activation
Morgan, C. J. A., Dodds, C. M., Furby, H., Pepper, F., Fam, J., Freeman, T. P., Hughes, E., Doeller, C., King, J., Howes, O., et al. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00149 · Cited by 110
Childhood trauma and schizotypy: a systematic literature review
Velikonja, T., Fisher, H. L., Mason, O. J., & Johnson, S. (2014) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291714002086 · Cited by 110
Dimensions of depression, mania and psychosis in the general population
KRABBENDAM, L., MYIN-GERMEYS, I., DE GRAAF, R., VOLLEBERGH, W., NOLEN, W. A., IEDEMA, J., & VAN OS, J. (2004) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291703001892 · Cited by 109
The persecution and deservedness scale
Melo, S. S., Corcoran, R., Shryane, N. M., & Bentall, R. P. (2009) · Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1348/147608308x398337 · Cited by 116
Validation of the English and French versions of the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) with a Montreal community sample
Brenner, K., Schmitz, N., Pawliuk, N., Fathalli, F., Joober, R., Ciampi, A., & King, S. (2007) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2007.06.017 · Cited by 109
Cannabis consumption and psychosis or schizophrenia development
Ortiz-Medina, M. B., Perea-Ortueta, M., Torales, J. C., Ventriglio, A., Vitrani, G., Aguilar, L., & Roncero, C. (2018) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0020764018801690 · Cited by 120
Need for Closure, Jumping to Conclusions, and Decisiveness in Delusion-Prone Individuals
McKay, R., Langdon, R. A., & Coltheart, M. (2006) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000221353.44132.25 · Cited by 107
Deconstructing Psychosis Conference February 2006: The Validity of Schizophrenia and Alternative Approaches to the Classification of Psychosis
Allardyce, J., Gaebel, W., Zielasek, J., & van Os, J. (2007) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbm051 · Cited by 107
Jumping to conclusions and the continuum of delusional beliefs
Warman, D. M., Lysaker, P. H., Martin, J. M., Davis, L. W., & Haudenschield, S. L. (2006) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.09.002 · Cited by 101

Authors: Peters, E. R., Joseph, S. A., & Garety, P. A.
Affiliations: University of Warwick (GB)
University of London (GB)
ORCID: Peters, E. R.
Joseph, S. A.
Garety, P. A.
Venue: Schizophrenia Bulletin
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 1999-01-01
Volume: 25
Issue: 3
Pages: 553-576
ISSN: 0586-7614 (ISSN-L)
1745-1701
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033401
OpenAlex: W2067384877
Cited by: 771
References: 53
Citations by year: 2026: 16 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 45 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 36
FWCI: 6.91
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Schizophrenia Bulletin (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hallucinations in medical conditions
Keywords: delusional ideation
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Delusions, England, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Psychotic Disorders, Reference Values, Sampling Studies, Schizotypal Personality Disorder, Superstitions, Thinking, Reproducibility of Results, Chi-Square Distribution

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Measurement of Delusional Ideation in the Normal Population: Introducing the PDI (Peters et al. Delusions Inventory)

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks