Mass Constraint for a Planet in a Protoplanetary Disk from the gap Width
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Abstract A giant planet creates a gap in a protoplanetary disk, which might explain the observed gaps in protoplanetary disks. The width and depth of the gaps depend on the planet mass and disk properties. We have performed two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations for various planet masses, disk aspect ratios, and viscosities, to obtain an empirical formula for the gap width. The gap width is proportional to the square root of the planet mass, −3/4 the power of the disk aspect ratio and −1/4 the power of the viscosity. This empirical formula enables us to estimate the mass of a planet embedded in the disk from the width of an observed gap. We have applied the empirical formula for the gap width to the disk around HL Tau, assuming that each gap observed by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations is produced by planets, and discussed the planet masses within the gaps. The estimate of planet masses from the gap widths is less affected by the observational resolution and dust filtration than that by the gap depth.
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Protoplanets in a circumstellar disk show a similar gap width relationship with their mass.
“Although more complicated, protoplanets in a circumstellar disk show a similar gap width relationship with their mass.”
From A Self-Gravitating Exoring Around J1407b and Implications for In-Situ Exomoon Formation (2022) · cites this paper as Kanagawa et al., 2016
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A Self-Gravitating Exoring Around J1407b and Implications for In-Situ Exomoon Formation
Sutton, P. J., Albery, B., & Muff, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences · doi:10.3389/fspas.2022.819933 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
- Authors
- Kanagawa, K. D., Muto, T., Tanaka, H., Tanigawa, T., Takeuchi, T., Tsukagoshi, T., & Momose, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Szczecin (PL)
- Kogakuin University (JP)
- Hokkaido University (JP)
- University of Occupational and Environmental Health Japan (JP)
- Tokyo Institute of Technology (JP)
- Ibaraki University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Kanagawa, Kazuhiro D.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2016-04-22
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 3
- ISSN
- 0004-6264 (ISSN-L)
- 2053-051X
- OpenAlex
- W2299265631
- Cited by
- 150
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 5
- FWCI
- 6.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- National Radio Astronomy Observatory
- National Science Council
- Hokkaido University
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ-ALMA-0135)
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (26800106, 26103701, 26287101, 26800229, 23103004)
- National Institutes of Natural Sciences
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astro and Planetary Science
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Keywords
- protoplanetary disk gaps, gap width, planet mass determination, giant planets, disk aspect ratio, disk viscosity, HL Tau, empirical formula, dust filtration, hydrodynamic modeling
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