Death of a child: Parental perception of grief intensity – End-of-life and bereavement care
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: The death of a child is a tragedy resulting in family trauma and disorganization. The present study sought to evaluate the intensity of grief experienced by parents who have lost a child in the perinatal period (stillbirth, premature baby, term baby less than one month) and parents who have lost a child after the perinatal period (one month to 18 years). METHOD: To compare the intensities of the bereavement reactions among grieving parents and to follow the course of such phenomena, a detailed bereavement questionnaire (the French version of the Texas Revised Inventory of Grief [TRIG-F]) was used. The TRIG-F is a three-part questionnaire that quantifies the intensity of grief near the time of death and in the present, and the perceived capacity of coping. RESULTS: Seventy-one bereaved parents, representing 43 families, completed the questionnaire. Parents who lost a child after the perinatal period showed grief at a higher intensity, measured by the TRIG-F, than parents who had lost a child in the perinatal period (83+/-22 versus 69+/-20 [mean+/-SD]; P=0.004). Mothers expressed a greater intensity of grief than fathers. No significant difference between mothers of the perinatal group and mothers of the postperinatal group was shown. Sudden death and death ocurring at home were associated with a higher grief intensity. CONCLUSION: Bereavement after the loss of a newborn or an older child is intense and prolonged. These findings support the importance of bereavement care for grieving parents and suggest that these parents appreciate help from health care professionals.
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With the exception of one study which employed author-developed measures of grief and support service satisfaction, the remaining quantitative studies employed standardised and validated measures for both predictors and grief.
“With the exception of one study which employed author-developed measures of grief and support service satisfaction [70] the remaining quantitative studies employed standardised and validated measures for both predictors and grief [23–25, 67, 76, 84, 86–96].”
From Men’s grief following pregnancy loss and neonatal loss: a systematic review and emerging theoretical model (2020) · cites this paper as [86]
Materials and Methods (page not specified) describes a study-specific 1–10 grief rating, and Results (page not specified) reports whether parents found follow-up bereavement care helpful. But the study also measured grief with the TRIG-F, which Materials and Methods explicitly calls a standardized, reliable and valid instrument. The citation therefore overlooks a principal validated grief measure; the paper does not establish a formal author-developed support-service satisfaction scale. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredTen included studies did not state whether institutional ethical approval had been sought or obtained.
“However, 10 studies did not state whether institutional ethical approval had been sought or obtained [25, 46, 79, 82, 83, 86, 87, 91, 93, 94].”
From Men’s grief following pregnancy loss and neonatal loss: a systematic review and emerging theoretical model (2020) · cites this paper as [86]
With the exception of 12 studies, almost all included studies used convenience, purposive or snowball sampling to recruit participants.
“With the exception of 12 studies, [25, 55, 68, 81, 86, 88–90, 92, 94–96], almost all studies used convenience, purposive or snowball sampling to recruit participants.”
From Men’s grief following pregnancy loss and neonatal loss: a systematic review and emerging theoretical model (2020) · cites this paper as [86]
Of the included quantitative studies, 16 included an analysis on predictors of men's grief and/or correlations to related factors.
“Of the included quantitative studies, 16 included an analysis on predictors of men’s grief and/or correlations to related factors [23–25, 67, 76, 84, 86–93, 95, 96].”
From Men’s grief following pregnancy loss and neonatal loss: a systematic review and emerging theoretical model (2020) · cites this paper as [86]
In the remaining two studies, presence of living children at the time of loss was unrelated to grief.
“However, for the remaining two studies including this factor, it was unrelated [86, 89].”
From Men’s grief following pregnancy loss and neonatal loss: a systematic review and emerging theoretical model (2020) · cites this paper as [86]
In one quantitative study, men reported difficulty returning to work.
“In one quantitative study [86], men also reported difficulty returning to work.”
From Men’s grief following pregnancy loss and neonatal loss: a systematic review and emerging theoretical model (2020) · cites this paper as [86]
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References 15 · Cited by 43
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [1]Ryan R. Loss in the neonatal period: Recommendations for the pediatric health care team. In: Woods JR, Esposito Woods JL, editors. Loss During Pregnancy or in the Newborn Period: Principles of Care with Clinical Cases and Analyses. Pitman: Jannetti Publications Inc; 1997. pp. 125–57. [Google Scholar]
- Authors
- Michon, B., Balkou, S., Hivon, R., & Cyr, C.
- Affiliations
- Université de Sherbrooke (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Cyr, Claude
- ORCID
- Michon, Bruno
- Venue
- Paediatrics & Child Health
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2003-07-01
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 363-366
- ISSN
- 1205-7088 (ISSN-L)
- 1918-1485
- PMC
- PMC2795457
- OpenAlex
- W162353254
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Paediatrics & Child Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Death, Funerary Practices, and Mourning
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Palliative and Oncologic Care
- Keywords
- death of a child, parental grief, bereavement, perinatal loss, stillbirth, sudden infant death syndrome, grief intensity, coping, bereavement support, gender differences in grief, sudden death, home death
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