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The Mafic and Ultramafic Lavas of the Belingwe Greenstone Belt, Rhodesia
Abstract
The Belingwe Greenstone Belt (2.8 × 109 yrs old) contains a 7 km succession of mafic and ultramafic lavas and high-level intrusions which overlie a thin sedimentary formation, itself unconformable on a granitic basement. The lavas range in composition from andesites (4 per cent MgO) to peridotitic komatiites (32 per cent MgO). The mineralogy and textures of the most magnesian lavas demonstrate that they were extruded in a completely liquid state. If the source mantle had an MgO content around 40 per cent, then partial melts in the range 35 per cent to 55 per cent would be required to produce the most magnesian liquids observed. Chemical constraints on the petrogenesis of the ultramafic lavas allow estimates of source mantle composition. In particular, if the source had an MgO content around 40 per cent, then the overall source composition would be similar to that of garnet Iherzolite nodules in kimberlites. The calculated REE contents of the source are close to chondritic. If all the ultramafic lavas were derived from the same source then the variation in liquid composition may have been controlled by orthopyroxene as well as olivine during partial melting at depth. The evolution of the less magnesian komatiites, basalts, and andesites can be explained by lower degrees of partial melting of a common source, and by high-level fractionation of parent liquids similar to those extruded as ultramafic lavas. Physical constraints on the origin of the lavas imply derivation from a depth of 150 km or more, at temperatures of 1600–2000 °C.
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“These regions are dominated by tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG) granitoids (Jahn et al., 1981;Moyen and Martin, 2012;White et al., 2017) and mafic-to-ultramafic volcanic rocks (Nisbet et al., 1977;Wilson et al., 1978;Xie et al., 1993), with rare supracrustal rocks (Moorbath et al., 1977;Boak and Dymek, 1982;Jackson et al., 1994).”
From Secular change and the onset of plate tectonics on Earth (2020) · cites this paper as Nisbet et al., 1977
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Chapter 8 The Granitic–Gneiss Greenstone Shield
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“…et al. 1995; Duggan & Jaques 1996; Morris et al. 2000); ultrapotassic rocks (Peterson & LeCheminant 1993; Ayer 1998); komatiites (Arndt et al. 1977; Nisbet et al. 1977; Duke 1986); carbonatites (Stoppa & Cundari 1995; Yaxley et al. 1997); nepheline syenite (Wilkinson 1975; Simonetti et al.…”
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“They are broadly similar to some Cr-spinels from Archaean komatiites, which have high Fe and Cr and low Mg and Al (Arndt et al., 1977; Nisbet et al., 1977; Lesher, 1989), but the distinct from those from most abyssal peridotites (Dick and Bullen, 1984) or some continental flood basalts, e.”
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“The ~1-km-thick Reliance Formation consists of koma-tiites, pillowed and massive tholeiitic and komatiitic basalt and minor graded beds with accretionary lapilli (Nisbet et al. 1977, 1987).”
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“イ ト中の ス ピネル の組成 も比較 の た め示 した 。耶 馬 渓 玄 武岩 類 中の ス ピ ネル は, Crに 富 む もの か らCr/Al 比 を変 化 させ ない ま ま, Fe3+に 富 む 分化ト レン ドを示 す 。耶馬渓 玄 武岩 類 の うちY89-1の ス ピネル はすべ て ク ロマ イト で あ り,そ の組 成 範囲 は狭 く,コ マ チ アイ ト中 の ス ピネル(Arndt et al., 1977; Nisbet et al., 1977)や,泊 玄 武岩 中 の ス ピネル(滝本, 1986)の 組 成 と類 似 した領 域 に プ ロ ッ トされ…”
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BackgroundArchean to recent komatiites and basalts
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Metadata
- Authors
- NISBET, E. G., BICKLE, M. J., & MARTIN, A.
- Venue
- Journal of Petrology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1977-11-01
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 521-566
- ISSN
- 0022-3530 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2415
- OpenAlex
- W2326334273
- Cited by
- 144
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 5.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Petrology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geology › Geological and Geophysical Studies
- Keywords
- mafic lavas, komatiite, andesite, mantle petrogenesis, kimberlite, rare earth elements, partial melting, orthopyroxene, olivine, fractional crystallization, Archean magmatism
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