High-pressure granulites (retrograded eclogites) from the Hengshan Complex, North China Craton: Petrology and tectonic implications

ZHAO, GUOCHUN; CAWOOD, PETER A.; WILDE, SIMON A.; LU, LIANGZHAO

doi:10.1093/petrology/42.6.1141

Cited by 453Geological and Geochemical AnalysisGeochemistry and Geochronology of Asian Mineral DepositsHigh-pressure geophysics and materials

High-pressure granulites (retrograded eclogites) from the Hengshan Complex, North China Craton: Petrology and tectonic implications

ZHAO, GUOCHUN, CAWOOD, PETER A., WILDE, SIMON A., LU, LIANGZHAO·2001·Journal of Petrology

DOI 10.1093/petrology/42.6.1141

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Both high- and medium-pressure granulites have been found as enclaves and boudins in tonalitic–trondhjemitic–granodioritic gneisses in the Hengshan Complex. Petrological evidence from these rocks indicates four distinct metamorphic assemblages. The early prograde assemblage (M1) is preserved only in the high-pressure granulites and represented by quartz and rutile inclusions within the cores of garnet porphyroblasts, and omphacite pseudomorphs that are indicated by clinopyroxene + sodic plagioclase symplectic intergrowths. The peak assemblage (M2) consists of clinopyroxene + garnet + sodic plagioclase + quartz ± hornblende in the high-pressure granulites and orthopyroxene + clinopyroxene + garnet + plagioclase + quartz in the medium-pressure granulites. Peak metamorphism was followed by near-isothermal decompression (M3), which resulted in the development of orthopyroxene + clinopyroxene + plagioclase symplectites and coronas surrounding embayed garnet grains, and decompression-cooling (M4), represented by hornblende + plagioclase symplectites on garnet. The THERMOCALC program yielded peak (M2) P–T conditions of 13·4–15·5 kbar and 770–840°C for the high-pressure granulites and 9–11 kbar and 820–870°C for the medium-pressure granulites, based on the core compositions of garnet, matrix pyroxene and plagioclase. The P–T conditions of pyroxene + plagioclase symplectite and corona (M3) were estimated at ∼6·5–8·0 kbar and 750–830°C, and hornblende + plagioclase symplectite (M4) at ∼4·5–6·0 kbar and 680–790°C. The P–T conditions of the early prograde assemblage (M1) cannot be quantitatively estimated because of the absence of modal minerals. The combination of petrographic textures, mineral compositions, metamorphic reaction history, petrogenetic grids and thermobarometric data defines a near-isothermal decompressional clockwise P–T path for the Hengshan granulites, suggesting that the Hengshan Complex underwent initial crustal thickening, subsequent exhumation, and cooling and retrogression. This tectonothermal path is considered to record a major phase of collision between two continental blocks, which resulted in the final assembly of the North China Craton at ∼1·8 Ga.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1093/petrology/42.6.1141

Cites

53 of 53 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Two essential types of HPG occur in the geological record: a high- to ultrahigh-temperature group and a group representing overprinted eclogites.
“Two essential types of HPG occur in the geological record: a high-to ultrahigh-temperature group and a group representing overprinted eclogites”
From Secular change and the onset of plate tectonics on Earth (2020) · cites this paper as Zhao et al., 2001

An internally consistent thermodynamic data set for phases of petrological interest
HOLLAND, T. J. B., & POWELL, R. (1998) · Journal of Metamorphic Geology · doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.1998.00140.x · Cited by 4,881 · see citing works
Nomenclature of Amphiboles; Report of the Subcommittee on Amphiboles of the International Mineralogical Association Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names
LEAKE, B. E., Woolley, A. R., Arps, C. E. S., Birch, W. D., Gilbert, M. C., Grice, J. D., Hawthorne, F. C., Kato, A., Kisch, H. J., Krivovichev, V. G., et al. (1997) · Mineralogical Magazine · doi:10.1180/minmag.1997.061.405.13 · Cited by 4,030 · see citing works
An internally consistent thermodynamic data set for phases of petrological interest
Olland, J. B. H., & Owell, R. P. (1998) · Cited by 2,352 · see citing works
Non-ideal interactions in calcic amphiboles and their bearing on amphibole-plagioclase thermometry
Holland, T. J. B., & Blundy, J. (1994) · Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology · doi:10.1007/bf00310910 · Cited by 2,327 · see citing works
Archean blocks and their boundaries in the North China Craton: lithological, geochemical, structural and P–T path constraints and tectonic evolution
Zhao, G., Wilde, S. A., Cawood, P. A., & Sun, M. (2001) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/s0301-9268(00)00154-6 · Cited by 1,919 · see citing works
Self-citation
A general equation for estimating Fe 3+ concentrations in ferromagnesian silicates and oxides from microprobe analyses, using stoichiometric criteria
Droop, G. T. R. (1987) · Mineralogical Magazine · doi:10.1180/minmag.1987.051.361.10 · Cited by 1,884 · see citing works
Pressure--Temperature--Time Paths of Regional Metamorphism I. Heat Transfer during the Evolution of Regions of Thickened Continental Crust
ENGLAND, P. C., & THOMPSON, A. B. (1984) · Journal of Petrology · doi:10.1093/petrology/25.4.894 · Cited by 1,715 · see citing works
Evolution of Metamorphic Belts
Miyashiro, A. (1961) · Journal of Petrology · doi:10.1093/petrology/2.3.277 · Cited by 1,242 · see citing works
An enlarged and updated internally consistent thermodynamic dataset with uncertainties and correlations: the system K2O–Na2O–CaO–MgO–MnO–FeO–Fe2O3–Al2O3–TiO2–SiO2–C–H2–O2
Holland, T. J. B., & Powell, R. (1990) · Journal of Metamorphic Geology · doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.1990.tb00458.x · Cited by 1,154 · see citing works
The origins of granulites: A metamorphic perspective
Harley, S. L. (1989) · Geological Magazine · doi:10.1017/s0016756800022330 · Cited by 1,042 · see citing works
Nomenclature of amphiboles Report of the Subcommittee on Amphiboles of the International Mineralogical Association Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names
LEAKE, B. E., Woolley, A. R., Arps, C. E. S., et al. (1997) · European Journal of Mineralogy · doi:10.1127/ejm/9/3/0623 · Cited by 960 · see citing works
Nomenclature of the Amphiboles: Report of the Subcommittee on Amphiboles of the International Mineralogical Association Commision on New Minerals
LEAKE, B. E., & Linthout, K. (1997) · Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) · Cited by 860 · see citing works
Thermobarometry using multi-equilibrium calculations; a new technique, with petrological applications
Berman, R. G. (1991) · The Canadian Mineralogist · Cited by 807 · see citing works
Mixing properties of Ca-Mg-Fe-Mn garnets
Berman, R. G. (1990) · American Mineralogist · Cited by 635 · see citing works
Pressure--Temperature--Time Paths of Regional Metamorphism II. Their Inference and Interpretation using Mineral Assemblages in Metamorphic Rocks
THOMPSON, A. B., & ENGLAND, P. C. (1984) · Journal of Petrology · doi:10.1093/petrology/25.4.929 · Cited by 624 · see citing works
Thermal Evolution of Archean Basement Rocks from the Eastern Part of the North China Craton and Its Bearing on Tectonic Setting
Zhao, G., Wilde, S. A., Cawood, P. A., & Lu, L. (1998) · International Geology Review · doi:10.1080/00206819809465233 · Cited by 609 · see citing works
Self-citation
Optimal geothermometry and geobarometry
Powell, R., & Holland, T. J. B. (1994) · American Mineralogist · Cited by 498 · see citing works
An Introduction to Metamorphic Petrology
YARDLEY, B. W. D., & Warren, C. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108659550 · Cited by 449 · see citing works
Deep crustal metamorphism during continental extension: modern and ancient examples
Sandiford, M., & Powell, R. (1986) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/0012-821x(86)90048-8 · Cited by 421 · see citing works
Eclogite Facies Rocks
(1990) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-010-9263-0 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Thermodynamics of Minerals and Melts
(1981) · Advances in physical geochemistry · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-5871-1 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Tectonothermal history of the basement rocks in the western zone of the North China Craton and its tectonic implications
Zhao, G., Wilde, S. A., Cawood, P. A., & Lu, L. (1999) · Tectonophysics · doi:10.1016/s0040-1951(99)00152-3 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Self-citation
Mantle Plumes and Continental Tectonics
Hill, R. I., Campbell, I. H., Davies, G. F., & Griffiths, R. W. (1992) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.256.5054.186 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Thermal models for the magmatic accretion and subsequent metamorphism of continental crust
Wells, P. R. A. (1980) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/0012-821x(80)90011-4 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Palaeoproterozoic assembly of the North China Craton
Zhao, G. (2001) · Geological Magazine · doi:10.1017/s0016756801005040 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Self-citation
Proterozoic Crustal Evolution
(1992) · Developments in precambrian geology · doi:10.1016/s0166-2635(08)x7006-9 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Thermal evolution of two textural types of mafic granulites in the North China craton: evidence for both mantle plume and collisional tectonics
Zhao, G., Wilde, S. A., Cawood, P. A., & Lu, L. (1999) · Geological Magazine · doi:10.1017/s001675689900254x · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Self-citation
On the formation of granulites
BOHLEN, S. R. (1991) · Journal of Metamorphic Geology · doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.1991.tb00518.x · Cited by 258 · see citing works
P–T–t evolution of orogenic belts and the causes of regional metamorphism
Brown, M. (1993) · Journal of the Geological Society · doi:10.1144/gsjgs.150.2.0227 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Calculation and application of clinopyroxene-garnet-plagioclase-quartz geobarometers
Moecher, D. P., Essene, E. J., & Anovitz, L. M. (1988) · Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology · doi:10.1007/bf00399441 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Kyanite-eclogite to amphibolite fades evolution of hydrous mafic and pelitic rocks, Adula nappe, Central Alps
Heinrich, C. A. (1982) · Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology · doi:10.1007/bf00371156 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Garnet-orthopyroxene-plagioclase-quartz barometry: refinement and application to the English River subprovince and the Minnesota River valley
Perkins, D., & Chipera, S. J. (1985) · Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology · doi:10.1007/bf01177592 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
A Barometer for Garnet Amphibolites and Garnet Granulites
Bohlen, S. R., & LIOTTA, J. J. (1986) · Journal of Petrology · doi:10.1093/petrology/27.5.1025 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
The current status of thermobarometry in metamorphic rocks
Essene, E. J. (1989) · Geological Society London Special Publications · doi:10.1144/gsl.sp.1989.043.01.02 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Petrology and P–T path of the Fuping mafic granulites: implications for tectonic evolution of the central zone of the North China craton
Zhao, G., Wilde, S. A., Cawood, P. A., et al. (2000) · Journal of Metamorphic Geology · doi:10.1046/j.1525-1314.2000.00264.x · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Self-citation
Petrology and P–T history of the Wutai amphibolites: implications for tectonic evolution of the Wutai Complex, China
Zhao, G., Cawood, P. A., & Lu, L. (1999) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/s0301-9268(98)00090-4 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Self-citation
Role of kinetics in the formation and preservation of eclogites
Rubie, D. C. (1990) · Eclogite Facies Rocks · doi:10.1007/978-94-010-9263-0_5 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Decompressed eclogites in the Sveconorwegian (–Grenvillian) orogen of SW Sweden: petrology and tectonic implications
Möller, C. (1998) · Journal of Metamorphic Geology · doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.1998.00160.x · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Plagioclase feldspars; activity-composition relations based upon Darken's quadratic formalism and Landau theory
Holland, T. J. B., & Powell, R. (1992) · American Mineralogist · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Introduction to Metamorphic Textures and Microstructures
Barker, A. J. (1998) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-7291-6 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Two‐stage decompression in garnet‐bearing mafic granulites from Sostrene Island, Prydz Bay, East Antarctica
Thost, D. E., Hensen, B. J., & Motoyoshi, Y. (1991) · Journal of Metamorphic Geology · doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.1991.tb00520.x · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Problems with inferring P–T–t paths in low‐P granulite facies rocks
Vernon, R. H. (1996) · Journal of Metamorphic Geology · doi:10.1046/j.1525-1314.1996.05814.x · Cited by 96 · see citing works
The Wutaishan orogenic belt within the Shanxi Province, northern China: a record of late Archaean collision tectonics
Wang, K., Li, J., Hao, J., Li, J., & Shao-ping, Z. (1996) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/0301-9268(95)00071-2 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dating of granites and gneisses in the taihangshan-wutaishan area: Implications for the timing of crustal growth in the North China Craton
Wilde, S. A., Cawood, P. A., Wang, K. Y., et al. (1998) · Chinese Science Bulletin · doi:10.1007/bf02891629 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citation
Chapter 8 Proterozoic Granulite Terranes
Harley, S. L. (1992) · Developments in precambrian geology · doi:10.1016/s0166-2635(08)70122-1 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Geothermobarometry of mafic granulites and metapelite from the Palghat Gap, South India: petrological evidence for isothermal uplift and rapid cooling
KUMAR, C. R. R., & Chacko, T. (1994) · Journal of Metamorphic Geology · doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.1994.tb00037.x · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Decompression Reactions and P--T Conditions in High-grade Rocks, Northern Labrador: P--T--t Paths from Individual Samples and Implications for Early Proterozoic Tectonic Evolution
Mengel, F. C., & Rivers, T. (1991) · Journal of Petrology · doi:10.1093/petrology/32.1.139 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
均分散异形微粉 α-Fe2O3的研究
刘, 晓., 邵, 素., 郑, 学., et al. (1996) · Chinese Science Bulletin (Chinese Version) · doi:10.1360/csb1996-41-4-315 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
The petrology of retrograded eclogites of the Oberpfalz Forest, northeastern Bavaria, West Germany
O’Brien, P. J. (1989) · Tectonophysics · doi:10.1016/0040-1951(89)90350-8 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
The transition from pyroxene granulite facies to garnet clinopyroxene granulite facies. Experiments in the system CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2
Hansen, B. (1981) · Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology · doi:10.1007/bf00371963 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Retrograded eclogites in the Olekma granite-greenstone region, Aldan Shield, Siberia
Smelov, A. P., & Beryozkin, V. I. (1993) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/0301-9268(93)90014-s · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Some Thermal Aspects of Granulite History
Oxburgh, E. R. (1990) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-2055-2_29 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Chemical Petrology: with applications to The Terrestrial Planets and Meteorites
Mueller, R. F., & Saxena, S. K. (1977) · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Secular change and the onset of plate tectonics on Earth
Palin, R. M., Santosh, M., Cao, W., Li, S.-S., Hernández-Uribe, D., & Parsons, A. (2020) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103172 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
“Two essential types of HPG occur in the geological record: a high- to ultrahigh-temperature group and a group representing overprinted eclogites (Rudnick and Presper, 1990; Zhao et al., 2001; O'Brien and Rötzler, 2003).”
Background
A MORB-arc basalt-adakite association in the 2.5 Ga Wutai greenstone belt: Late Archean magmatism and crustal growth in the North China Craton
Wang, Z., Wilde, S. A., Wang, K., & Yu, L. (2004) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2003.12.014 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Self-citation

An Experimental Study of the Basalt-Garnet Granulite-Eclogite Transition
Ito, K., & Kennedy, G. C. (2011) · Geophysical monograph · doi:10.1029/gm014p0303 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Pyroxene geothermometry of some granulite facies rocks
Hewins, R. H. (1975) · Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology · doi:10.1007/bf00371040 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Pyroxene Geothermometry of Some Granulite Facies
Hewins, R. H. (1975)
Genesis of compositional characteristics of Stillwater AN-I and AN-II thick anorthosite units
Haskjn, L. A., & Salpas, P. A. (1992) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0016-7037(92)90056-o · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Mg-Fe+2 DISTRIBUTION BETWEEN COEXISTING HORNBLENDE AND CA-RICH PYROXENE
Onuki, H. (1966) · The Journal of the Japanese Association of Mineralogists Petrologists and Economic Geologists · doi:10.2465/ganko1941.56.246 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Authors: ZHAO, G., CAWOOD, P. A., WILDE, S. A., & LU, L.
Affiliations: Curtin University (AU)
Changchun University of Science and Technology (CN)
ORCID: ZHAO, GUOCHUN
CAWOOD, PETER A.
WILDE, SIMON A.
Venue: Journal of Petrology
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2001-06
Volume: 42
Issue: 6
Pages: 1141-1170
ISSN: 0022-3530 (ISSN-L)
1460-2415
DOI: 10.1093/petrology/42.6.1141
OpenAlex: W2134675340
Cited by: 453
References: 53
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 16
FWCI: 10.40
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Petrology (publishedVersion)
UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (submittedVersion)
The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geophysics › Geological and Geochemical Analysis
Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Geochemistry and Geochronology of Asian Mineral Deposits
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geophysics › High-pressure geophysics and materials
Keywords: high-pressure granulites, North China Craton, metamorphic petrology, pressure-temperature conditions, decompression, symplectites, garnet porphyroblasts, petrogenetic grid, Thermo-Calc, tectonic implications

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

High-pressure granulites (retrograded eclogites) from the Hengshan Complex, North China Craton: Petrology and tectonic implications

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks