Ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism and multistage evolution of garnet–orthopyroxene granulites from the Proterozoic Epupa Complex, NW Namibia

BRANDT, S.

doi:10.1093/petrology/44.6.1121

Cited by 75Geological and Geochemical AnalysisAstro and Planetary ScienceGeological and Geophysical Studies Worldwide

Ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism and multistage evolution of garnet–orthopyroxene granulites from the Proterozoic Epupa Complex, NW Namibia

BRANDT, S.·2003·Journal of Petrology

DOI 10.1093/petrology/44.6.1121

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Abstract

Migmatitic semipelitic granulites of the Proterozoic Epupa Complex, NW Namibia, underwent ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism as is indicated by the high alumina contents of orthopyroxene (8–11 wt % Al2O3) coexisting with garnet. Peak P–T conditions of ∼970°C and ∼9·5 kbar are calculated from conventional garnet–orthopyroxene geothermobarometry. Conspicuous reaction textures document a multistage retrograde uplift–cooling path: post-peak decompression initially under still ultrahigh temperatures (∼940°C and ∼8 kbar) is recorded by coronas of aluminous orthopyroxene + plagioclase around garnet. Continued decompression (∼6 kbar and ∼800°C) is evident from subsequently formed symplectites of cordierite + lower-alumina orthopyroxene and cordierite + lower-alumina orthopyroxene + spinel, both replacing garnet. Subsequent regrowth of garnet and biotite, mainly formed at the expense of the symplectitic phases, presumably reflects back-reactions with crystallizing melts during near-isobaric cooling to upper amphibolite-facies conditions (∼660°C and ∼5 kbar). Rims of low-alumina orthopyroxene around retrograde biotite point to renewed decompression subsequent to cooling. The deduced clockwise retrograde P–T path reflects the thinning and later cooling of former thickened lower crust. Because of the limited structural and geochronological data it remains uncertain whether initial ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism was induced by a collision event or by crustal extension.

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The garnet-orthopyroxene reaction is multi-variant, such that both garnet and orthopyroxene may stably exist in mafic granulites worldwide.
“although this reaction is multi-variant in nature, such that both garnet and orthopyroxene may stably exist in mafic graulites worldwide”
From Secular change and the onset of plate tectonics on Earth (2020) · cites this paper as Brandt et al., 2003

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Authors: BRANDT, S.
Affiliations: University of Würzburg (DE)
Corresponding author: BRANDT, S.
Venue: Journal of Petrology
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2003-06-01
Volume: 44
Issue: 6
Pages: 1121-1144
ISSN: 0022-3530 (ISSN-L)
1460-2415
DOI: 10.1093/petrology/44.6.1121
OpenAlex: W2165730089
Cited by: 75
References: 53
Citations by year: 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
FWCI: 4.24
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Petrology (publishedVersion)
Funders: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geophysics › Geological and Geochemical Analysis
Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astro and Planetary Science
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geophysics › Geological and Geophysical Studies Worldwide
Keywords: ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism, Proterozoic, retrograde metamorphism, decompression, symplectites, cordierite, biotite, amphibolite facies metamorphism, migmatites, crustal thickening, collisional tectonics, crustal extension, reaction textures

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Ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism and multistage evolution of garnet–orthopyroxene granulites from the Proterozoic Epupa Complex, NW Namibia

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