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Clinical Hypnosis for Procedural Pain and Distress in Children: A Scoping Review

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Geagea, Dali, Tyack, Zephanie, Kimble, Roy, Polito, Vince, Ayoub, Bassel, Terhune, Devin B, Griffin, Bronwyn·2023·Pain Medicine
DOI 10.1093/pm/pnac186PMC PMC10233484
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Abstract

Objective: Pain and distress are common in children undergoing medical procedures, exposing them to acute and chronic biopsychosocial impairments if inadequately treated. Clinical hypnosis has emerged as a potentially beneficial treatment for children’s procedural pain and distress due to evidence of effectiveness and potential superiority to other psychological interventions. However, systematic reviews of clinical hypnosis for children’s procedural pain and distress have been predominantly conducted in children undergoing oncology and needle procedures and are lacking in broader pediatric contexts. This scoping review maps the evidence of clinical hypnosis for children’s procedural pain and distress across broad pediatric contexts while highlighting knowledge gaps and areas requiring further investigation. Methods: Published databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science) and grey literature were searched in addition to hand-searching reference lists and key journals (up to May 2022). Two independent reviewers screened the titles and abstracts of search results followed by a full-text review against eligibility criteria. Articles were included if they involved a clinical hypnosis intervention comprising an induction followed by therapeutic suggestions for pain and distress in children undergoing medical procedures. This review followed the Arksey and O'Malley (2005) methodology and incorporated additional scoping review recommendations by the Joanna Briggs Institute and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Results: A total of 38 eligible studies involving 2,205 children were included after 4,775 articles were screened. Research on clinical hypnosis for children’s procedural pain and distress was marked by a lack of fidelity measures and qualitative data as well as by inadequate intervention reporting and high attrition rates. Evidence regarding the safety of clinical hypnosis, pain unpleasantness outcomes, factors influencing outcomes, as well as barriers and facilitators to implementing hypnosis and study procedures was also lacking. Clinical hypnosis has potential benefits for children’s procedural pain and distress based on evidence of superiority to control conditions and nonpharmacological interventions (e.g., distraction, acupressure) with moderate to large effect sizes as reported in 76% of studies. However, heterogeneous interventions, contexts, study designs, and populations were identified, and the certainty of the evidence was not evaluated. Conclusions: The review suggests potential benefits of clinical hypnosis for children’s procedural pain and distress and thus provides a precursor for further systematic reviews and trials investigating the effectiveness of clinical hypnosis. The review also indicates the need to further explore the feasibility, acceptability, implementation, and safety of clinical hypnosis in children undergoing painful procedures. Based on the review, researchers implementing clinical hypnosis should adequately report interventions or use treatment manuals, follow recommended research guidelines, and assess the fidelity of intervention delivery to promote replicating and comparing interventions. The review also highlights common methodological shortcomings of published trials to avoid, such as the lack of implementation frameworks, small sample sizes, inadequate reporting of standard care or control conditions, and limited evidence on pain unpleasantness outcomes.

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  • Several studies have reported clinical benefits of hypnotic, meditative, and psychedelic trances on pain, emotional regulation, sleep, fatigue, stress, cognitive difficulties, and quality of life.

    “Several studies have reported some clinical benefits of hypnotic, meditative and psychedelic trances on pain, emotional regulation, sleep, fatigue, stress, cognitive difficulties and quality of life [43–48].”

    From Scoping review on shamanistic trances practices (2024) · cites this paper as [48]

    The Results (Outcomes; page unavailable) report benefits of clinical hypnosis for procedural pain and anxiety or distress in children. This source does not establish benefits of meditative or psychedelic trances, or benefits for sleep, fatigue, cognitive difficulties, or quality of life; the sentence cites several sources collectively, but this paper supports only its hypnosis-related portion. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

  • Scoping review on shamanistic trances practices

    Marie, N., Lafon, Y., Bicego, A., Grégoire, C., Rousseaux, F., Bioy, A., Vanhaudenhuyse, A., & Gosseries, O. (2024) · BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies · doi:10.1186/s12906-024-04678-w · Cited by 15 · see citing works

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    Background

Authors
Geagea, D., Tyack, Z., Kimble, R., Polito, V., Ayoub, B., Terhune, D. B., & Griffin, B.
Affiliations
  • The University of Queensland (AU)
  • Queensland University of Technology (AU)
  • Macquarie University (AU)
  • King's College London (GB)
  • Griffith University (AU)
Corresponding author
Geagea, Dali
ORCID
Venue
Pain Medicine
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2022-11-30
Volume
24
Issue
6
Pages
661-702
ISSN
  • 1526-2375 (ISSN-L)
  • 1526-4637
DOI
10.1093/pm/pnac186
PMC
PMC10233484
OpenAlex
W4310466075
Cited by
35
References
18
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6
FWCI
1.55
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Pain Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Griffith Research Online (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pediatric Pain Management Techniques
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Pain Management and Placebo Effect
  • Health Sciences › Dentistry › Oral Surgery › Dental Anxiety and Anesthesia Techniques
Keywords
procedural pain, procedural distress, children, pediatric pain management, non-pharmacological treatment, hypnotic induction, therapeutic suggestion, pain unpleasantness, acupressure, evidence gaps, intervention fidelity, attrition rates, feasibility and acceptability, biopsychosocial outcomes
MeSH terms
Pain, Procedural, Procedural Pain, Child, Humans, Hypnosis, Needles, Pain, Punctures

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