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Cited by 52Cerebral Palsy and Movement DisordersChildren's Physical and Motor DevelopmentMotor Control and Adaptation

A Review of Myotatic Reflexes and the Development of Motor Control and Gait in Infants and Children: A Special Communication

Myklebust, Barbara M·1990·Physical Therapy
DOI 10.1093/ptj/70.3.188
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Abstract

Although the mechanism of the phasic myotatic (or "stretch") reflex is well-known, the role of this reflex in adult gait remains speculative. The acquisition and development of locomotor skills with respect to the development of the myotatic reflex require further study in both healthy and neurologically impaired children. In this article, the well-documented properties of the healthy adult's myotatic reflex are compared with recent findings of the myotatic reflex in healthy infants and children and contrasted with reflex properties in patients with cerebral palsy. These data allow us to begin to characterize the emerging features of the stretch reflex in normal and pathological early development. From these data, we can begin to speculate about the relationship between changes in stretch reflexes and the acquisition of skillful movement and gait in early childhood.

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  • Electrophysiological studies of the H-reflex recorded at the soleus muscle showed that an increase in the amplitude of stimulation increases the H-wave; further increase in stimulation amplitude results in the M-response; when the M-response is maximal, the H-wave vanishes.

    “Electrophysiological studies of the H-reflex recorded at the soleus muscle showed that an increase in the amplitude of stimulation increases the H-wave. Further increase in the stimulation amplitude resulted in the M-response. When the M-response is maximal, the H-wave vanishes.”

    From Deep Tendon Reflex: The Tools and Techniques. What Surgical Neurology Residents Should Know (2021) · cites this paper as [10]

  • The H-wave vanishes when M-response is maximal because the large amplitude of electrical current stimulates afferent Ia fibres and thinner α-motor neurons; action potentials in α-motor neurons propagate antidromically, collide with orthodromic evoked reflex response action potentials, and cause partial to complete cancellation of the evoked reflex response.

    “This occurs because the large amplitude of electrical current stimulates the afferent Ia fibres and also the thinner α-motor neurons. The action potentials in the α-motor neurons propagate to the spinal cord (antidromic), collide with the action potentials of the evoked reflex response (orthodromic) and cause a partial to complete cancellation effect of the evoked reflex response (9, 10).”

    From Deep Tendon Reflex: The Tools and Techniques. What Surgical Neurology Residents Should Know (2021) · cites this paper as [10]

  • On electromyography studies, the onset latency of DTRs is about 25 msec-45 msec, depending on the distance of the stretched muscle from the spinal cord and whether the tendon was tapped or the muscle was mechanically stretched.

    “On the electromyography studies, the onset latency of DTRs is about 25 msec–45 msec depending on the distance of the stretched muscle from the spinal cord and whether the tendon was tapped, or the muscle was mechanically stretched (10).”

    From Deep Tendon Reflex: The Tools and Techniques. What Surgical Neurology Residents Should Know (2021) · cites this paper as [10]

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Authors
Myklebust, B. M.
Affiliations
Medical College of Wisconsin (US)
Corresponding author
Myklebust, Barbara M
Venue
Physical Therapy
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
1990-03-01
Volume
70
Issue
3
Pages
188-203
ISSN
  • 0031-9023 (ISSN-L)
  • 1538-6724
DOI
10.1093/ptj/70.3.188
OpenAlex
W2139595156
Cited by
52
References
40
Citations by year
2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
FWCI
1.14
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Physical Therapy (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Institutes of Health (5r01am033189-02)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Children's Physical and Motor Development
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
Keywords
stretch reflex, motor control development, gait development, infants, children, cerebral palsy, neurologically impaired children
MeSH terms
Adult, Cerebral Palsy, Child, Child, Preschool, Electromyography, Gait, H-Reflex, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Locomotion, Motor Skills, Muscle Contraction, Neural Pathways, Reflex, Stretch

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