The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Injury to Skeletal Muscle Fibers During Contractions: Conditions of Occurrence and Prevention
Abstract
Contraction-induced injury results in the degeneration and regeneration of muscle fibers. Of the three types of contractions--shortening (concentric), isometric, and lengthening (eccentric)--injury is most likely to occur and the severity of the injury is greatest during lengthening contractions. The magnitude of the injury to muscle fibers may be assessed by direct measures of cellular and ultrastructural damage; by indirect measures of changes in enzyme efflux, calcium influx, ratio of oxidized to reduced glutathione, and force development; and, in human beings, by reports of muscle soreness. The sequence of events includes an initial injury that is primarily mechanical and a secondary metabolic, or biochemical, injury that peaks 1 to 3 days after the injurious contractions. The recovery from contraction-induced injury is usually complete within 30 days. Repeated exposures to protocols of lengthening contractions result in "trained" muscles that are not injured by the protocol that previously caused injury.
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“If repeated multiple times, eccentric contractions are a useful tool to induce a physiologically-relevant injury to skeletal muscle, resulting in damage to the contractile apparatus and loss of function (2, 3).”
From Phytoecdysteroids Accelerate Recovery of Skeletal Muscle Function Following in vivo Eccentric Contraction-Induced Injury in Adult and Old Mice (2021) · cites this paper as [3]
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Cellular and Molecular Regulation of Muscle Regeneration
CHARGÉ, S. B. P., & Rudnicki, M. A. (2004) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00019.2003 · Cited by 2,691
Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Humans
Clarkson, P. M., & Hubal, M. J. (2002) · American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/00002060-200211001-00007 · Cited by 1,478
“production capacity after exercise and increasing muscle injury.(31)”
BackgroundProske, U., & Morgan, D. L. (2001) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.00333.x · Cited by 1,418
“Consistent with such a two-stage process is the report of a secondary, delayed fall in tension (Jones et al. 1989; Faulkner et al. 1993; MacIntyre et al. 1995).”
BackgroundStretch-shortening cycle: a powerful model to study normal and fatigued muscle
Komi, P. V. (2000) · Journal of Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/s0021-9290(00)00064-6 · Cited by 975
“The immediate reduction in performance is naturally related primarily to metabolic disturbances, whereas the secondary decline must be associated with the well-known in#ammatory process related to muscle damage (Faulkner et al., 1993).”
BackgroundThe Mechanisms of Massage and Effects on Performance, Muscle Recovery and Injury Prevention
Weerapong, P., Hume, P. A., & Kolt, G. S. (2005) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-200535030-00004 · Cited by 788
Metadata
- Authors
- Faulkner, J. A., Brooks, S. V., & Opiteck, J. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Faulkner, John A
- ORCID
- Brooks, Susan V
- Venue
- Physical Therapy
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1993-12-01
- Volume
- 73
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 911-921
- ISSN
- 0031-9023 (ISSN-L)
- 1538-6724
- OpenAlex
- W2269278230
- Cited by
- 341
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 4.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Physical Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ag006157-14)
- National Institute on Aging (AG00114, AG-06157)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Keywords
- eccentric contraction, muscle degeneration and regeneration, muscle soreness, calcium influx, glutathione oxidation, muscle force production, muscle recovery, injury prevention
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Biomechanical Phenomena, Biopsy, Calcium, Clinical Protocols, Disease Models, Animal, Exercise Therapy, Glutathione, Humans, Isometric Contraction, Isotonic Contraction, Muscle Contraction, Muscles, Pain, Wounds and Injuries, Mice, Rats
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