The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year; 103 of the 103 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Mindful attention reduces neural and self-reported cue-induced craving in smokers
Open accessAbstract
An emerging body of research suggests that mindfulness-based interventions may be beneficial for smoking cessation and the treatment of other addictive disorders. One way that mindfulness may facilitate smoking cessation is through the reduction of craving to smoking cues. The present work considers whether mindful attention can reduce self-reported and neural markers of cue-induced craving in treatment seeking smokers. Forty-seven (n = 47) meditation-naïve treatment-seeking smokers (12-h abstinent from smoking) viewed and made ratings of smoking and neutral images while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Participants were trained and instructed to view these images passively or with mindful attention. Results indicated that mindful attention reduced self-reported craving to smoking images, and reduced neural activity in a craving-related region of subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC). Moreover, a psychophysiological interaction analysis revealed that mindful attention reduced functional connectivity between sgACC and other craving-related regions compared to passively viewing smoking images, suggesting that mindfulness may decouple craving neurocircuitry when viewing smoking cues. These results provide an initial indication that mindful attention may describe a 'bottom-up' attention to one's present moment experience in ways that can help reduce subjective and neural reactivity to smoking cues in smokers.
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In the citing paper
“Accumulating evidence from neuroimaging studies mostly support this idea (Westbrook et al., 2013).”
From Enhanced Resting-State Functional Connectivity With Decreased Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuations of the Salience Network in Mindfulness Novices (2022) · cites this paper as Westbrook et al., 2013
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Mindfulness effects were detected with the decoupling of resting-state FC (rs-FC) between subgenual ACC and amygdala (Taren et al., 2015) or other craving-related regions (caudate, ventral striatum, premotor cortex, and insula) (Westbrook et al., 2013).”
From Enhanced Resting-State Functional Connectivity With Decreased Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuations of the Salience Network in Mindfulness Novices (2022) · cites this paper as Westbrook et al., 2013
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Of the six studies comparing the effects of a PFM strategy to an inactive control (Cropley et al. 2007; Litvin et al. 2012; Ruscio et al. 2016; Ussher et al. 2009; Ussher et al. 2006; Westbrook et al. 2013), three reported a larger within-session reduction in negative affect in the PFM group (Litvin et al. 2012; Ussher et al. 2009; Westbrook et al. 2013).”
From Mindfulness, Acceptance and Defusion Strategies in Smokers: A Systematic Review of Laboratory Studies (2018) · cites this paper as Westbrook et al. 2013
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“in a lab-based brief mindfulness induction, mindful attention to smoking cues significantly reduced craving coupled with decreased activation in a craving-related region of the subgenual ACC [53].”
From Mindfulness-based treatment of addiction: current state of the field and envisioning the next wave of research (2018) · cites this paper as [53]
In the citing paper
“one study of mindfulness-naive smokers demonstrated reduced connectivity between craving-related brain regions during a mindfulness condition compared to passive viewing of smoking-related images during cigarette craving [53]”
From A translational neuroscience perspective on mindfulness meditation as a prevention strategy (2016) · cites this paper as [53]
In the citing paper
“When applying “mindful attention,” subjects reported less craving impulse; additionally, they presented decreased activation in the subgenual ACC (sg-ACC), and reduced functional connectivity between this same region and bilateral AI and VS. At the same time, no involvement of the PFC was detected (Westbrook et al., 2013).”
From Mindfulness and Emotion Regulation: Insights from Neurobiological, Psychological, and Clinical Studies (2017) · cites this paper as Westbrook et al., 2013
In the citing paper
“In three studies, strategy instructions were judged not to be matched with regards to the use of smoking-relevant words (Litvin et al. 2012; Szasz et al. 2012; Westbrook et al. 2013)”
From Mindfulness, Acceptance and Defusion Strategies in Smokers: A Systematic Review of Laboratory Studies (2018) · cites this paper as Westbrook et al. 2013
In the citing paper
“With the exception of Westbrook et al. (2013) and Ruscio et al. (2016), all studies relied primarily on self-reporting of smoking-related outcomes.”
From Mindfulness, Acceptance and Defusion Strategies in Smokers: A Systematic Review of Laboratory Studies (2018) · cites this paper as Westbrook et al. 2013
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Citations
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Neuroscience of Mindfulness Meditation
Tang, Y.-Y., Hölzel, B. K., & Posner, M. I. (2015) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3916 · Cited by 2,889
Creswell, J. D. (2017) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-042716-051139 · Cited by 1,702
Self-citationContemplating Mindfulness at Work: An Integrative Review
Good, D. J., Lyddy, C. J., Glomb, T. M., Bono, J. E., Brown, K. W., Duffy, M. K., Baer, R. A., Brewer, J. A., & Lazar, S. W. (2016) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206315617003 · Cited by 1,043
Fox, K. C. R., Nijeboer, S., Dixon, M. L., Floman, J. L., Ellamil, M., Rumak, S. P., Sedlmeier, P., & Christoff, K. (2014) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.03.016 · Cited by 804
Lutz, A., Jha, A. P., Dunne, J. D., & Saron, C. D. (2015) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0039585 · Cited by 697
“In line with this literature, Westbrook et al. (2013) demonstrated how just the briefest training in mindfulness can have important effects on the experience of craving, and activation of craving-related brain regions in smokers actively desiring to quit.”
Result
Metadata
- Authors
- Westbrook, C., Creswell, J. D., Tabibnia, G., Julson, E., Kober, H., & Tindle, H. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 2Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 3Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA, and 4University of Pittsburgh, Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Venue
- Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2011-11-22
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 73-84
- ISSN
- 1749-5016 (ISSN-L)
- 1749-5024
- PMC
- PMC3541484
- OpenAlex
- W2160305908
- Cited by
- 278
- References
- 103
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 11.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- KiltHub Repository (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- KiltHub Repository
- Funders
- Mind and Life Institute
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (T-32-MH17140, T32MH017140)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR024154, KL2RR024154, K12 RR024154)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- mindful attention, cigarette craving, smoking cues, smoking cessation, mindfulness-based interventions, subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, functional connectivity, psychophysiological interaction, treatment-seeking smokers, cue reactivity, addiction treatment
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attention, Awareness, Female, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neural Pathways, Smoking, Smoking Cessation, Behavior, Addictive, Meditation, Functional Neuroimaging
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