Contemplating Mindfulness at Work: An Integrative Review
Abstract
Mindfulness research activity is surging within organizational science. Emerging evidence across multiple fields suggests that mindfulness is fundamentally connected to many aspects of workplace functioning, but this knowledge base has not been systematically integrated to date. This review coalesces the burgeoning body of mindfulness scholarship into a framework to guide mainstream management research investigating a broad range of constructs. The framework identifies how mindfulness influences attention, with downstream effects on functional domains of cognition, emotion, behavior, and physiology. Ultimately, these domains impact key workplace outcomes, including performance, relationships, and well-being. Consideration of the evidence on mindfulness at work stimulates important questions and challenges key assumptions within management science, generating an agenda for future research.
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Enhancing psychological and cognitive flexibility has been shown to be effective in reducing occupational stress.
“Enhancing psychological and cognitive flexibility has been shown to be effective in reducing occupational stress (e.g., [31]), which was the main goal of our study.”
From Mindfulness-based programs improve psychological flexibility, mental health, well-being, and time management in academics (2020) · cites this paper as [31]
People in South-East Asia were relatively more likely to point to an ideal affect developed in sati in which one is 'equanimous'-neither positively nor negatively riled-in contrast to a relatively more robust affective ideal in the US, where mindfulness is more likely to be seen as a way to develop 'happiness.'
“People in South-East Asia were relatively more likely to point to an ideal affect developed in sati in which one is ' equanimous '-meaning neither positively nor negatively riled -in contrast to a relatively more robust affective ideal in the US, where mindfulness is more likely to be seen as a way to develop ' happiness '”
From Mindfulness or Sati? An Anthropological Comparison of an Increasingly Global Concept (2021) · cites this paper as Good et al. 2016
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“The fourth strategy, experiential processing (Good et al., 2016), involves attending to stimuli without immediate judgment or evaluation since such interpretations often tend to be habitual in nature or biased toward self-concerns.”
BackgroundA Pilot Evaluation of a Mindful Self-care and Resiliency (MSCR) Intervention for Nurses
Craigie, M., Slatyer, S., Hegney, D., Osseiran-Moisson, R., Gentry, E., Davis, S., Dolan, T., & Rees, C. (2016) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-016-0516-x · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Jang, J., Jo, W., & Kim, J. S. (2020) · Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management · doi:10.1080/19368623.2020.1725954 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Mindfulness training in the workplace: Exploring its scope and outcomes
Johnson, K. R., Park, S., & Chaudhuri, S. (2020) · European journal of training and development · doi:10.1108/ejtd-09-2019-0156 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Althammer, S. E., Reis, D., van der Beek, S., Beck, L., & Michel, A. (2021) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1111/joop.12346 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
“…with daily measurements answers calls for more rigorous designs and high-quality randomized controlled trials in work-specific health interventions (O’Shea, O’Connell, & Gallagher, 2016) and MBI research (Good et al., 2016; Lomas, Medina, Ivtzan, Rupprecht, & Eiroa-Orosa, 2019; Lomas et al., 2017).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialPotential negative consequences of mindfulness in the moral domain
Schindler, S., Pfattheicher, S., & Reinhard, M. (2019) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2570 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
The Postpandemic Future of Work
Malhotra, A. (2021) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/01492063211000435 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Workplace mindfulness: An integrative review of antecedents, mediators, and moderators
Shahbaz, W., & Parker, J. (2021) · Human Resource Management Review · doi:10.1016/j.hrmr.2021.100849 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Arendt, J. F. W., Verdorfer, A. P., & Kugler, K. G. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00667 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
“, 2014), whereas the effects of mindfulness on interpersonal interactions and relationships have been largely neglected (Good et al., 2016).”
BackgroundInfluentialReb, J., Narayanan, J., Chaturvedi, S., & Ekkirala, S. (2017) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-016-0648-z · Cited by 105 · see citing works
“At the same time, research on the role of mindfulness in the workplace has emerged as a legitimate and growing area of organizational scholarship (Good et al. 2016; Reb and Atkins 2015).”
BackgroundPang, D., & Ruch, W. (2019) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/ocp0000144 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Engel, Y., Noordijk, S., Spoelder, A., & van Gelderen, M. (2019) · Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice · doi:10.1177/1042258719890991 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Artificial intelligence-assisted mindfulness in tourism, hospitality, and events
Wang, Y., & Uysal, M. (2023) · International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management · doi:10.1108/ijchm-11-2022-1444 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
The Dimensions and Mechanisms of Mindfulness in Regulating Aggressive Behaviors
Liang, L.-D. H., Brown, D. J., Ferris, D. L., Hanig, S., Lian, H.-W., & Keeping, L. M. (2017) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/apl0000283 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
“…of paying attention to and being accepting of moment-to-moment experiences are argued to heighten an individual’s ability to override automatic behavioral reactions to these moment-to-moment experiences, such as the experiences of desires or being provoked (Glomb et al., 2011; Good et al., 2016).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialKay, A. A., & Skarlicki, D. P. (2020) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2020.02.005 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Mindfulness Meditation as an On-The-Spot Workplace Intervention
Hafenbrack, A. (2017) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.01.017 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Mindfulness, Moral Reasoning and Responsibility: Towards Virtue in Ethical Decision-Making
Small, C., & Lew, C. C. (2019) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-019-04272-y · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Mindfulness Training Improves Employee Well-Being: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Slutsky, J., Chin, B., Raye, J., & Creswell, J. D. (2019) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/ocp0000132 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Wherever you go, there you become: How mindfulness arises in everyday situations
Reina, C. S., & Kudesia, R. S. (2020) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2019.11.008 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Wu, C.-M., & Chen, T.-J. (2019) · Tourism Management Perspectives · doi:10.1016/j.tmp.2019.04.002 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Murnieks, C. Y., Arthurs, J. D., Cardon, M. S., Farah, N., Stornelli, J., & Michael Haynie, J. (2020) · Journal of Business Venturing · doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.12.004 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Kashdan, T., Goodman, F., Disabato, D. J., McKnight, P. E., Kelso, K. C., & Naughton, C. (2020) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2019.109717 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Mindfulness for Global Public Health: Critical Analysis and Agenda
Oman, D. (2025) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-023-02089-5 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Wibowo, A., & Paramita, W. (2022) · Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies · doi:10.1177/15480518211068735 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Cheung, S. Y., Huang, E. G., Chang, S., & Wei, L. (2020) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2019.12.003 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Facets of narcissism and leadership: A tale of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde?
Fatfouta, R. (2018) · Human Resource Management Review · doi:10.1016/j.hrmr.2018.10.002 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Mindfulness Training Reduces Stress at Work: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Chin, B. N., Slutsky, J., Raye, J., & Creswell, J. D. (2018) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-018-1022-0 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Nadler, R., Carswell, J. J., & Minda, J. P. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00255 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Mindfulness and Social Sustainability: An Integrative Review
Sajjad, A., & Shahbaz, W. (2020) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-020-02297-9 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
The Influence of Individual and Team Mindfulness on Work Engagement
Liu, S., Xin, H., Shen, L. C., He, J., & Liu, J. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02928 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
“Hence, it can be expected that employees with high mindfulness can obtain positive psychological resources such as job involvement by adjusting and controlling their own cognition, attention, and emotion (Good et al., 2016).”
BackgroundInfluentialIncorporating Ethics Into Brief Mindfulness Practice: Effects on Well-Being and Prosocial Behavior
Chen, S.-Y., & Jordan, C. H. (2018) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-018-0915-2 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
The bright and dark sides of employee mindfulness: Leadership style and employee well-being.
Walsh, M. M., & Arnold, K. (2020) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.2926 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Mindfulness, remote engagement and employee morale: conceptual analysis to address the “new normal”
Pattnaik, L., & Jena, L. K. (2020) · International journal of organizational analysis · doi:10.1108/ijoa-06-2020-2267 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Kiburz, K. M., Allen, T. D., & French, K. A. (2017) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.2181 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
The Role of Mindfulness in Mitigating the Negative Consequences of Technostress
Ioannou, A., Lycett, M., & Marshan, A. (2022) · Information Systems Frontiers · doi:10.1007/s10796-021-10239-0 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Hulsheger, U. R., Walkowiak, A., & Thommes, M. S. (2018) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1111/joop.12206 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
“Mindful information processing has therefore been described to be experiential as opposed to conceptual in nature (Good et al., 2016).”
BackgroundInfluentialMindfulness buffers the impact of COVID-19 outbreak information on sleep duration.
Zheng, M. X., Yao, J., & Narayanan, J. (2020) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/wuh94 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Charoensukmongkol, P., & Puyod, J. V. (2022) · The Journal of General Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221309.2020.1800582 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Can mindfulness overcome the effects of workplace ostracism on job performance?
Jahanzeb, S., Fatima, T., Javed, B., & Giles, J. P. (2019) · The Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/00224545.2019.1707465 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Engel, Y., Ramesh, A., & Steiner, N. (2020) · Journal of Business Venturing · doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2019.105986 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Being mindful at work and at home: Buffering effects in the stressor–detachment model
Haun, V. C., Nübold, A., & Bauer, A. G. (2018) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1111/joop.12200 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
“Also, in the organizational context, mindfulness appears to improve several aspects of workplace functioning such as performance, social relationships and well-being (e.g., Good et al., 2016; Sutcliffe, Vogus, & Dane, 2016).”
BackgroundBunjak, A., Černe, M., & Schölly, E. L. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.792599 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
“This could include various kinds of relationships, including workplace relationships (Good et al., 2016), romantic relationships (Neff and Beretvas, 2013), familial relationships, and friendships.”
BackgroundBelkin, L. Y., Becker, W. J., & Conroy, S. A. (2020) · Group & Organization Management · doi:10.1177/1059601120933143 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
“…of mindfulness on employee well-being and organizational functioning clearly demonstrates the importance of mindfulness for restoring individual emotional, cognitive, and physical states, as well as for individual performance and organizational functioning (for a review, see Good et al., 2016).”
BackgroundMindfulness enhances cognitive functioning: a meta-analysis of 111 randomized controlled trials
Zainal, N. H., & Newman, M. G. (2023) · Health Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/17437199.2023.2248222 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
“Theories suggesting that MBIs promote executive attention by reducing mind wandering, attentional lapses, and emotional distractions (Good et al., 2015; Hölzel et al., 2011; Lin et al., 2019; Vago & Silbersweig, 2012) could account for these fi ndings.”
BackgroundMubarak, N., Khan, J., & Khan, A. K. (2022) · International Journal of Project Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijproman.2022.05.004 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Building personal resources through interventions: An integrative review
Gilbert, E. K., Foulk, T. A., & Bono, J. E. (2017) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.2198 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citationUrrila, L. I. (2022) · Human Resource Management Review · doi:10.1016/j.hrmr.2021.100837 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“First, the significance of social/contextual awareness and the quality of relationships in leadership has been repeatedly discussed in the theoretical research literature on mindfulness and leaders (e.g., Eby et al., 2020; Good et al., 2016; Hunter, 2015; Karssiens et al., 2014), but empirical research remains scarce.”
BackgroundInfluentialChristensen-Salem, A., Walumbwa, F. O., Babalola, M. T., Guo, L., & Misati, E. (2020) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-020-04424-5 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Rupprecht, S., Falke, P., Kohls, N., Tamdjidi, C., Wittmann, M., & Kersemaekers, W. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01081 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Greenbaum, R. L., Babalola, M. T., Quade, M. J., Guo, L., & Kim, Y. C. (2020) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-020-04546-w · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Mindfulness, socioemotional wealth, and environmental strategy of family businesses
Dayan, M., Ng, P., & Ndubisi, N. (2019) · Business Strategy and the Environment · doi:10.1002/bse.2222 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Carleton, E. L., Barling, J. I., & Trivisonno, M. (2018) · Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement · doi:10.1037/cbs0000103 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
“Trait mindfulness promotes emotional appraisals that are centered in the present and, thus, more neutral and objective (e.g., Good et al., 2016).”
BackgroundBe(com)ing Real: a Multi-source and an Intervention Study on Mindfulness and Authentic Leadership
Nübold, A., Quaquebeke, N. V., & Hulsheger, U. R. (2019) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10869-019-09633-y · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Mindfulness at work: A critical re-view
Badham, R. J., & King, E. (2019) · Organization · doi:10.1177/1350508419888897 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
“This has included a number of comprehensive reviews of mindfulness within organisations (Bartlett et al., 2019; Eby et al., 2019; Glomb et al., 2011; Good et al., 2016; Jamieson and Tuckey, 2017; Sutcliffe et al., 2016).”
BackgroundInfluentialMindfulness arrives at work: Deepening our understanding of mindfulness in organizations
Reb, J., Allen, T., & Vogus, T. J. (2020) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2020.04.001 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Supervisor bottom-line mentality and subordinates' unethical pro-organizational behavior
Farasat, M., & Azam, A. (2020) · Personnel Review · doi:10.1108/pr-03-2020-0129 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
A balanced view of mindfulness at work
Choi, E., Gruman, J. A., & Leonard, C. (2021) · Organizational Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/20413866211036930 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Educational innovations to foster resilience in the health professions
Kreitzer, M. J., & Klatt, M. D. (2016) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.1080/0142159x.2016.1248917 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Donaldson-Feilder, E., Lewis, R., & Yarker, J. (2019) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/1359432x.2018.1542379 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
“For workplace purposes, Good and colleagues (2016) advocate categorising the beneficial effects into attentional, cognitive, emotional, behavioural and physiological domains, which in turn yield positive outcomes at the level of wellbeing, performance and relationships; these authors provide a review of research to of…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialLee, Y. H., Richards, K. A. R., & Washburn, N. S. (2021) · European Review of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.erap.2021.100625 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Montani, F., Setti, I., Sommovigo, V., Courcy, F., & Giorgi, G. (2019) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10869-019-09644-9 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Marais, G. A. B., Lantheaume, S., Fiault, R., & Shankland, R. (2020) · European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education · doi:10.3390/ejihpe10040073 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“Mindfulness trainees experience less mind-wandering and focus on a task with more ease [31].”
BackgroundInfluentialGolob, U., & Podnar, K. (2021) · Journal of business research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.01.048 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Mindfulness-based programmes to reduce stress and enhance well-being at work: a realist review
Micklitz, K., Wong, G., & Howick, J. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043525 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Multiple Team Membership: An Integrative Review
Margolis, J. A. (2019) · Small Group Research · doi:10.1177/1046496419883702 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
“…may be applicable: attentional control (“appropriately directing attention amid competing demands”), attentional stability (“sustaining attention on a current target with less mind wandering”), and attentional efficiency (“the economic use of cognitive resources”) (Good et al., 2016, p. 119).”
BackgroundPrincipal Well-Being and Resilience: Mindfulness as a Means to That End
Wells, C. M., & Klocko, B. A. (2018) · NASSP Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0192636518777813 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
“Mindfulness influences attention and emotional aspects that affect jobrelated performance, well-being, and relationships (Good et al., 2016).”
BackgroundMethodValidation of a Short-Form Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire Instrument in China
Meng, Y., Mao, K., & Li, C. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03031 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“Mindfulness could be one important mechanism of such effects by way of its influences on attention, cognition, emotion, behavior, and physiology (Good et al., 2016; Creswell, 2017).”
BackgroundInfluentialJob design for mindful work: The boosting effect of psychosocial safety climate.
Lawrie, E. J., Tuckey, M. R., & Dollard, M. F. (2017) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/ocp0000102 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Wall, T., Russell, J., & Moore, N. (2017) · Journal of Work-Applied Management · doi:10.1108/jwam-07-2017-0017 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Zhang, L. J., & Fathi, J. (2024) · System · doi:10.1016/j.system.2024.103433 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
What do people mean when they talk about mindfulness?
Choi, E., Farb, N. A. S., Pogrebtsova, E., Gruman, J. A., & Grossmann, I. (2021) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102085 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
New perspectives on time perspective and temporal focus
Levasseur, L., Shipp, A. J., Fried, Y., Rousseau, D., & Zimbardo, P. (2020) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.2435 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Budd, J. (2020) · Human Resource Management Journal · doi:10.1111/1748-8583.12274 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Bartlett, L., Buscot, M., Bindoff, A. D., Chambers, R., & Hassed, C. S. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.724126 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
“MBIs for working populations are proposed as a means to foster employee performance, relationships and wellbeing (Good et al., 2016).”
BackgroundKaluza, A. J., Schuh, S. C., Kern, M., Xin, K., & van Dick, R. (2019) · Human Resource Management · doi:10.1002/hrm.22000 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“…mindfulness training for leaders, as this may not only affect their ability to be aware of health issues at work (e.g., being sensitive to employees' stress signals) but also enhance their own well-being (Good et al., 2016; Hülsheger, Feinholdt, & Nübold, 2015; Maricuţoiu, Sava, & Butta, 2016).”
BackgroundThoroughgood, C. N., Sawyer, K. B., & Webster, J. R. (2017) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2017.07.009 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
“Psychological Medicine, 41 (2011), pp. 923- 936, 10.1017/S0033291710001546 Good et al., 2016.”
InfluentialBanfi, J. T., & Randall, J. G. (2022) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2022.104307 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Thoroughgood, C. N., Sawyer, K. B., & Webster, J. R. (2019) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2019.02.004 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
- Authors
- Good, D. J., Lyddy, C. J., Glomb, T. M., Bono, J. E., Brown, K. W., Duffy, M. K., Baer, R. A., Brewer, J. A., & Lazar, S. W.
- Affiliations
- Pepperdine University (US)
- Case Western Reserve University (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- University of Florida (US)
- Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
- University of Kentucky (US)
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Good, Darren J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Management
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2015-11-19
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 114-142
- ISSN
- 0149-2063 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-1211
- OpenAlex
- W2212262744
- Cited by
- 1,043
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 96 · 2025: 139 · 2024: 102 · 2023: 133 · 2022: 119 · 2021: 119 · 2020: 108 · 2019: 84 · 2018: 72 · 2017: 48 · 2016: 22
- FWCI
- 58.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Management (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Keywords
- mindfulness at work, workplace functioning, attention, cognition, emotions, behavior, employee performance, workplace relationships, employee well-being, management research agenda
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