Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 285

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 52 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Intellectual Deficits in First-Episode Schizophrenia: Evidence for Progressive Deterioration

Open access
Bilder, R. M., Lipschutz-Broch, L., Reiter, G., Geisler, S. H., Mayerhoff, D. I., Lieberman, J. A.·1992·Schizophrenia Bulletin
DOI 10.1093/schbul/18.3.437
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The developmental processes leading to neuropsychological deficits in schizophrenia are poorly understood. Both early developmental defects and subsequent deterioration may occur. Intelligence test profiles are often used to estimate premorbid ability and deterioration from prior levels of functioning. These characteristics were assessed in samples of first-episode (n = 51) and chronic (n = 50) schizophrenic patients. Although the groups showed few differences on tests to estimate premorbid intellectual ability, the chronic group performed worse on measures considered sensitive to deterioration. Dextral (right-handed) patients tended to have better performance; this effect was marked in the first-episode sample, especially on verbal tests. Male patients showed more evidence of deterioration than female patients. Subgroups differing in the time course of premorbid social dysfunction also differed in intelligence test profiles, suggesting that estimates of social and cognitive deterioration may have concurrent validity. The results support the hypothesis that patients differ in the course of cognitive decline and suggest that deterioration of function may follow the onset of overt psychosis in some patients. Prospective longitudinal studies of first-episode schizophrenic patients could directly test this hypothesis.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1093/schbul/18.3.437

Cites

52 of 52 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 52 references

Cited by

See all 285

Metadata

Authors
Bilder, R. M., Lipschutz-Broch, L., Reiter, G., Geisler, S. H., Mayerhoff, D. I., & Lieberman, J. A.
Venue
Schizophrenia Bulletin
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
1992-01-01
Volume
18
Issue
3
Pages
437-448
ISSN
  • 0586-7614 (ISSN-L)
  • 1745-1701
DOI
10.1093/schbul/18.3.437
OpenAlex
W2162052901
Cited by
285
References
52
FWCI
7.17
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Intellectual Deficits in First-Episode Schizophrenia: Evidence for Progressive Deterioration. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/schbul/18.3.437
The paper
Bilder, R. M., Lipschutz-Broch, L., Reiter, G., Geisler, S. H., Mayerhoff, D. I., & Lieberman, J. A. (1992). Intellectual Deficits in First-Episode Schizophrenia: Evidence for Progressive Deterioration. Schizophrenia Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/18.3.437

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.