Neurocognition in first-episode schizophrenia: a meta-analytic review.
Abstract
Compromised neurocognition is a core feature of schizophrenia. Following Heinrichs and Zakzanis's (1998) seminal meta-analysis of middle-aged and predominantly chronic schizophrenia samples, the aim of this study is to provide a meta-analysis of neurocognitive findings from 47 studies of first-episode (FE) schizophrenia published through October 2007. The meta-analysis uses 43 separate samples of 2,204 FE patients with a mean age of 25.5 and 2,775 largely age- and gender-matched control participants. FE samples demonstrated medium-to-large impairments across 10 neurocognitive domains (mean effect sizes from -0.64 to -1.20). Findings indicate that impairments are reliably and broadly present by the FE, approach or match the degree of deficit shown in well-established illness, and are maximal in immediate verbal memory and processing speed. Larger IQ impairments in the FE compared to the premorbid period, but comparable to later phases of illness suggests deterioration between premorbid and FE phases followed by deficit stability at the group level. Considerable heterogeneity of effect sizes across studies, however, underscores variability in manifestations of the illness and a need for improved reporting of sample characteristics to support moderator variable analyses.
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High rates of cognitive impairment in individuals experiencing psychosis have been found across multiple cognitive domains.
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Schizophrenia is associated with deficits in cognitive domains of executive functioning, processing speed, memory, and attention.
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Lilienfeld, S. O., Sauvigné, K. C., Lynn, S. J., Cautin, R. L., Latzman, R. D., & Waldman, I. D. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01100 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Exercise as an intervention for first‐episode psychosis: a feasibility study
Firth, J., Carney, R., Elliott, R., French, P., Parker, S., McIntyre, R., McPhee, J. S., & Yung, A. R. (2016) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/eip.12329 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Neurodevelopmental pathways in bipolar disorder
Kloiber, S., Rosenblat, J. D., Husain, M. I., Ortiz, A., Berk, M., Quevedo, J., Vieta, E., Maes, M., Birmaher, B., Soares, J. C., et al. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.02.005 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
McClay, J. L., Adkins, D. E., Åberg, K., Bukszár, J., Khachane, A. N., Keefe, R. S. E., Perkins, D. O., McEvoy, J. P., Stroup, T. S., Vann, R. E., et al. (2011) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2010.193 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Kulak, A., Steullet, P., Cabungcal, J.-H., Werge, T., Ingason, A., Cuenod, M., & Do, K. Q. (2013) · Antioxidants & Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2012.4858 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Neurocognitive impairment in deficit and non-deficit schizophrenia: a meta-analysis
Bora, E., Akdede, B. B., & Alptekın, K. (2017) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291717000952 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Carruthers, S. P., Rheenen, T. E. V., Gurvich, C., Sumner, P. J., & Rossell, S. L. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.09.006 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
He, Z., Deng, W., Li, M., Chen, Z., Jiang, L., Wang, Q., Huang, C., Collier, D. A., Gong, Q., Ma, X., et al. (2012) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291712001638 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Cognitive deficits in recent-onset and chronic schizophrenia
Sponheim, S. R., Jung, R. E., Seidman, L. J., Mesholam-Gately, R. I., Manoach, D. S., O’Leary, D. S., Ho, B. C., Andreasen, N. C., Lauriello, J., & Schulz, S. C. (2010) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.09.010 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Self-citationMcCleery, A., Ventura, J., Kern, R. S., Subotnik, K. L., Gretchen‐Doorly, D., Green, M. F., Hellemann, G., & Nuechterlein, K. H. (2014) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.039 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Cognitive development prior to onset of psychosis
Mollon, J., & Reichenberg, A. (2017) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291717001970 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
A quantitative approach to neuropsychiatry: The why and the how
Kas, M. J., Penninx, B., Sommer, B., Serretti, A., Arango, C., & Marston, H. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.12.008 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Lee, R. S. C., Hermens, D. F., Hodge, M. A., Naismith, S. L., Porter, M. A., Kaur, M., White, D., Scott, E. M., & Hickie, I. B. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0058176 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Bora, E. (2016) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.12410 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Albus, M., Hubmann, W., Mohr, F., Tiedemann, T. V., Pechler, S., Drießlein, D., & Küchenhoff, H. (2019) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-019-01030-z · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Neurocognition and Duration of Psychosis: A 10-year Follow-up of First-Episode Patients
Rund, B. R., Barder, H. E., Evensen, J. H., Haahr, U., Hegelstad, W. T. V., Joa, I., Johannessen, J. O., Langeveld, J., Larsen, T. K., Melle, I. S., et al. (2015) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbv083 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Lam, M., Hill, W. D., Trampush, J. W., Yu, J., Knowles, E., Davies, G., Stahl, E. A., Huckins, L. M., Liewald, D. C. M., Djurovic, S., et al. (2019) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.06.012 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Thootkur, M., Kraguljac, N. V., & Lahti, A. C. (2020) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2020.02.001 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Woodberry, K. A., Seidman, L. J., Giuliano, A. J., Verdi, M., Cook, W. L., & McFarlane, W. R. (2010) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2010.06.021 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Self-citationBarkl, S. J., Lah, S., Harris, A., & Williams, L. (2014) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2014.07.049 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Executive functioning rating scales: Ecologically valid or construct invalid?
Soto, E. F., Kofler, M. J., Singh, L. J., Wells, E. L., Irwin, L. N., Groves, N. B., & Miller, C. E. (2020) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/neu0000681 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
“Deficits in executive functions are theorized to be etiologically important for a broad range of psychopathologies, including schizophrenia (Mesholam-Gately et al., 2009), depression (Joormann & Gotlib, 2008; Snyder, 2013), bipolar disorders (Bora et al.”
BackgroundEarly and broadly defined psychosis risk mental states
Keshavan, M. S., DeLisi, L. E., & Seidman, L. J. (2010) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2010.10.006 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Self-citationSerine racemase deletion disrupts memory for order and alters cortical dendritic morphology
DeVito, L. M., Balu, D. T., Kanter, B. R., Lykken, C., Basu, A. C., COYLE, J. T., & Eichenbaum, H. (2010) · Genes Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1601-183x.2010.00656.x · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Seidman, L. J., Cherkerzian, S., Goldstein, J. M., Agnew-Blais, J., Tsuang, M. T., & Buka, S. L. (2013) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291712000773 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Self-citationA review of abnormalities in the perception of visual illusions in schizophrenia
Griffiths-King, D. J., Hodgekins, J., Chouinard, P. A., Chouinard, V., & Sperandio, I. (2016) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-016-1168-5 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
- Authors
- Mesholam-Gately, R. I., Giuliano, A. J., Goff, K. P., Faraone, S. V., & Seidman, L. J.
- Affiliations
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- SUNY Upstate Medical University (US)
- Venue
- Neuropsychology
- Published
- 2009
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 315-336
- ISSN
- 0894-4105 (ISSN-L)
- 1931-1559
- OpenAlex
- W1987834520
- Semantic Scholar
- 1f5bc4062ee07501c7114895394d11f0b51016c3
- Cited by
- 1,130
- References
- 133
- Citations by year
- 2026: 29 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 56 · 2021: 73 · 2020: 74 · 2019: 103 · 2018: 88 · 2017: 79 · 2016: 66 · 2015: 88 · 2014: 74 · 2013: 84 · 2012: 66
- FWCI
- 34.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuropsychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
- National Institute of Mental Health (P50MH080272, MH 43518; MH 63951; MH 65562)
- Department of Mental Health Research
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- first-episode schizophrenia, neurocognitive function, cognitive impairment, verbal memory, processing speed, IQ decline, premorbid intelligence, effect size heterogeneity
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cognition Disorders, Humans, Intelligence, Memory, Neuropsychological Tests, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Time Factors, Verbal Learning
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