The DOI matches its Crossref record; 76 of the 76 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Meta-analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytokine and Tryptophan Catabolite Alterations in Psychiatric Patients: Comparisons Between Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, and Depression
Open accessAbstract
INTRODUCTION: Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder (MDD) have all been associated with immune system dysfunction, including aberrant cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of cytokines and tryptophan catabolites; however, the pattern of alterations has not been compared across disorders. We performed a meta-analysis of CSF cytokine and tryptophan catabolites in patients with these major psychiatric disorders. METHODS: Articles were identified by searching Pub Med, PsycInfo, and Web of Science, and the reference lists of these studies. RESULTS: Twenty-eight studies met the inclusion criteria (16 schizophrenia, 4 bipolar disorder, and 9 MDD). CSF levels of IL-1β and kynurenic acid were significantly increased in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder compared to healthy controls (P < .001). CSF levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly increased in patients with schizophrenia and MDD compared to healthy controls (P ≤ .013). DISCUSSION: There is preliminary evidence for similarities in the pattern of CSF cytokine and tryptophan catabolite alterations across major psychiatric disorders, although findings must be interpreted with caution in light of small numbers of studies/subjects. Many CSF alterations are also concordant with those in the peripheral blood, particularly for schizophrenia. Findings have important implications for our understanding of the pathophysiology and treatment of major psychiatric disorders.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test
Egger, M., Smith, G. D., Schneider, M., & Minder, C. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629 · Cited by 56,722
Biological insights from 108 schizophrenia-associated genetic loci
Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13595 · Cited by 7,577
Common polygenic variation contributes to risk of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
The International Schizophrenia Consortium (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08185 · Cited by 4,821
Funnel plots for detecting bias in meta-analysis
Sterne, J. A. C., & Egger, M. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(01)00377-8 · Cited by 3,779
Schizophrenia as a Complex Trait: Evidence From a Meta-analysis of Twin Studies
Sullivan, P. F., Kendler, K. S., & Neale, M. C. (2003) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.60.12.1187 · Cited by 2,356
Biology of Bone Tissue: Structure, Function, and Factors That Influence Bone Cells
Florencio-Silva, R., Sasso, G. R. D. S., Sasso-Cerri, E., Simões, M. J., & Cerri, P. S. (2015) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2015/421746 · Cited by 2,044
Goldsmith, D. R., Rapaport, M. H., & Miller, B. J. (2016) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2016.3 · Cited by 1,683
Self-citationGlial reduction in the subgenual prefrontal cortex in mood disorders
Öngür, D., Drevets, W. C., & Price, J. L. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.22.13290 · Cited by 1,525
THE COMPARISON OF PERCENTAGES IN MATCHED SAMPLES
COCHRAN, W. G. (1950) · Biometrika · doi:10.1093/biomet/37.3-4.256 · Cited by 1,465
Köhler, O., Benros, M. E., Nordentoft, M., Farkouh, M. E., Iyengar, R. L., Mors, O., & Krogh, J. (2014) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.1611 · Cited by 941
Cited by
The Bidirectional Relationship of Depression and Inflammation: Double Trouble
Beurel, E., Toups, M., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2020) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2020.06.002 · Cited by 2,136
Inflammation in schizophrenia: pathogenetic aspects and therapeutic considerations.
Müller, N. (2018) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sby024 · Cited by 648
Enache, D., Pariante, C. M., & Mondelli, V. (2019) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2019.06.015 · Cited by 615
“A recent meta-analysis focused specifically on CSF cytokines in patients with MDD, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and found increased CSF levels of IL-6 and IL8 in these patients (Wang and Miller, 2018); however, this systematic review and metaanalysis did not include two previous studies, which focused exclusive…”
BackgroundResultMetagenome-wide association of gut microbiome features for schizophrenia
Zhu, F., Ju, Y., Wang, W., Wang, Q., Guo, R., Ma, Q., Sun, Q., Fan, Y., Xie, Y., Yang, Z., et al. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-15457-9 · Cited by 409
Pillinger, T., Osimo, E. F., Brugger, S., Mondelli, V., McCutcheon, R. A., & Howes, O. D. (2019) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sby160 · Cited by 190
Metadata
- Authors
- Wang, A. K., & Miller, B. J.
- Venue
- Schizophrenia Bulletin
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2017-03-17
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 75-83
- ISSN
- 0586-7614 (ISSN-L)
- 1745-1701
- OpenAlex
- W2595474555
- Cited by
- 389
- References
- 76
- FWCI
- 2.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Meta-analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytokine and Tryptophan Catabolite Alterations in Psychiatric Patients: Comparisons Between Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, and Depression. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/schbul/sbx035
- The paper
- Wang, A. K., & Miller, B. J. (2018). Meta-analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytokine and Tryptophan Catabolite Alterations in Psychiatric Patients: Comparisons Between Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, and Depression. Schizophrenia Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbx035
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
