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Sleep Disorders in Early Psychosis: Incidence, Severity, and Association With Clinical Symptoms
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Sleep disturbance is known to be associated with psychosis, but sleep disorders (eg, insomnia, nightmare disorder, sleep apnea) have rarely been investigated. We aimed to provide the first detailed assessment of sleep disorders and their correlates in patients with early psychosis. Sixty outpatients aged between 18 and 30 with nonaffective psychosis were assessed for sleep disorder presence, severity, and treatment using a structured diagnostic interview, sleep diaries, and actigraphy. Psychotic experiences, mood, and psychological wellbeing were also measured. Forty-eight patients (80%) had at least one sleep disorder, with insomnia and nightmare disorder being the most common. Comorbidity of sleep disorders within this group was high, with an average of 3.3 sleep disorders per patient. Over half of the sleep disorders had been discussed with a clinician but almost three-quarters had received no treatment. Treatment according to clinical guidelines was rare, occurring in only 8% of cases (n = 13). Sleep disorders were significantly associated with increased psychotic experiences, depression, anxiety, fatigue, and lower quality of life. Sleep disorders are very common in patients with psychosis, may have wide-ranging negative effects, and merit routine assessment and treatment in psychiatric practice.
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“The most common sleep disorders, experienced by around half of people with psychosis, are insomnia and problematic nightmares. 9-11”
From Towards an Integrative Account of Potential Mechanisms Mediating the Path From Sleep Dysfunction to Hallucinations (2025) · cites this paper as [9]
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“…knowledge in primary care (Papp et al. 2002; Rosen et al. 2001; Wirz-Justice 2010), which contributes to the fact that several disorders are underestimated and often left untreated (Meissner et al. 1998; Reeve et al. 2019; Rosen et al. 2001; Simon 2016; Vitale et al. 2019; Youngren et al. 2019).”
Sleep and paranoia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Brown, P., Reeve, S., Hotton, M., Steer, N., & Steel, C. (2024) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102503 · Cited by 5
Stafford, A., Oduola, S., & Reeve, S. (2024) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2024.09.002 · Cited by 6
Nightmare frequency and nightmare distress in psychiatric inpatients
Schredl, M., Anzenberger, E., & Schilling, C. (2024) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-024-01891-z · Cited by 5
Sleep Quality in Schizophrenia
Dule, A., Ahmed, G., Tessema, W., & Soboka, M. (2020) · JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY · doi:10.29245/2578-2959/2020/4.1223 · Cited by 5
Nordholm, D., Jensen, M. A., Glenthøj, L. B., Kristensen, T. D., Wenneberg, C., Garde, A. H., & Nordentoft, M. (2022) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.12.041 · Cited by 6
Bonfils, K. A., Longenecker, J., Soreca, I., Hammer, L. A., Tighe, C. A., Haas, G. L., & Bramoweth, A. D. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.10630 · Cited by 4
Yılmaz, H. Ö., & Arslan, M. (2023) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-023-05152-5 · Cited by 4
Walker, K., Griffiths, C., & Willis, A. (2024) · Advances in Mental Health · doi:10.1080/18387357.2024.2302118 · Cited by 5
Cannabinoid Use and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Veitch, M. R., Jairam, S., Gurges, P., Cohen, E., Kendzerska, T., Murray, B. J., & Boulos, M. I. (2024) · Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques · doi:10.1017/cjn.2024.25 · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- Reeve, S., Sheaves, B., & Freeman, D.
- Affiliations
- Warneford Hospital (GB)
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Reeve, Sarah
- Venue
- Schizophrenia Bulletin
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2018-09-08
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 287-295
- ISSN
- 0586-7614 (ISSN-L)
- 1745-1701
- PMC
- PMC6403049
- OpenAlex
- W2892016138
- Cited by
- 182
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 20.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Schizophrenia Bulletin (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Medical Research Council
- Wellcome Trust (098461/Z/12/Z)
- National Institutes of Health (RP-2014-05-003)
- Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- sleep disorders, early psychosis
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Dreams, England, Female, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Male, Psychotic Disorders, Schizophrenia, Severity of Illness Index, Sleep Wake Disorders, Comorbidity, Incidence, Young Adult
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