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Intra-Individual Daily and Yearly Variability in Actigraphically Recorded Sleep Measures: the CARDIA Study
Open accessAbstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES: To describe the day-to-day and year-to-year variation in sleep characteristics among early middle-aged adults. DESIGN: Participants wore an Actiwatch (Mini Mitter, Inc) for 3 days on two occasions approximately 1 year apart. PARTICIPANTS: N = 669 participants aged 38-50 years from the Chicago site of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) cohort study. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Sleep measures included sleep duration, sleep latency, sleep efficiency, and time in bed. For each sleep parameter, total variance was decomposed into between-subject variance, within-subject variance from day to day, and within-subject variance from year to year. The standard deviation was calculated from the variance. Analysis yielded a within-subject daily standard deviation (SD) of 1.26 hours and a within-subject yearly SD of 0.39 hours for sleep duration. Daily SD was 30.7 minutes and yearly SD was 6.3 minutes for within-subject variability of sleep latency. Daily SD was 8.4% and yearly SD was 2.7% for within-subject variability of sleep efficiency. Finally, daily SD was 1.31 hours and yearly SD was 0.52 hours for within-subject variability of time in bed. CONCLUSIONS: For each of the 4 sleep characteristics, nightly variability was much greater than yearly variability, meaning sleep behavior changes little in one year in this cohort of early middle-aged adults, despite large daily fluctuations. These results have important methodological implications, including that single-day measures of sleep may not accurately reflect habitual behavior.
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“but previous analysis of the actigraphy data demonstrated little year-to-year variability (25).”
From Cross-Sectional Associations Between Measures of Sleep and Markers of Glucose Metabolism Among Subjects With and Without Diabetes (2011) · cites this paper as [25]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Knutson, K. L., Rathouz, P. J., Yan, L. L., Liu, K., & Lauderdale, D. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Chicago (US)
- Northwestern University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Knutson, Kristen L.
- Venue
- SLEEP
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2007-06
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 793-796
- ISSN
- 0161-8105 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-9109
- PMC
- PMC1978344
- OpenAlex
- W2154815992
- Cited by
- 183
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 11.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- SLEEP (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Northwestern University
- University of Chicago
- National Institutes of Health (n01hc48049-61-0-1)
- National Institute on Aging (P01-AG11412., P01AG011412)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01-HC-048049, N01-HC-48-049)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- sleep variability, sleep duration, sleep latency, sleep efficiency, time in bed, day-to-day variability, interannual variability, actigraphy, middle-aged adults, CARDIA cohort
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Coronary Disease, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Severity of Illness Index, Sleep Wake Disorders, Time Factors, Polysomnography
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