The DOI matches its Crossref record; 63 of the 63 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
“Stepped Care”: A Health Technology Solution for Delivering Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as a First Line Insomnia Treatment
Open accessAbstract
There is a large body of evidence that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for insomnia (CBT) is an effective treatment for persistent insomnia. However, despite two decades of research it is still not readily available, and there are no immediate signs that this situation is about to change. This paper proposes that a service delivery model, based on "stepped care" principles, would enable this relatively scarce healthcare expertise to be applied in a cost-effective way to achieve optimal development of CBT services and best clinical care. The research evidence on methods of delivering CBT, and the associated clinical leadership roles, is reviewed. On this basis, self-administered CBT is posited as the "entry level" treatment for stepped care, with manualized, small group, CBT delivered by nurses, at the next level. Overall, a hierarchy comprising five levels of CBT stepped care is suggested. Allocation to a particular level should reflect assessed need, which in turn represents increased resource requirement in terms of time, cost and expertise. Stepped care models must also be capable of "referring" people upstream where there is an incomplete therapeutic response to a lower level intervention. Ultimately, the challenge is for CBT to be delivered competently and effectively in diversified formats on a whole population basis. That is, it needs to become "scalable". This will require a robust approach to clinical governance.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Non-pharmacological sleep interventions can be successfully delivered in a variety of relatively low-cost formats [28], therefore providing these as a treatment option for people with depression has the potential to be cost-effective.”
From The effect of non-pharmacological sleep interventions on depression symptoms: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (2019) · cites this paper as [28]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research
Bastien, C. (2001) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/s1389-9457(00)00065-4 · Cited by 8,067
Epidemiology of insomnia: what we know and what we still need to learn
Ohayon, M. M. (2002) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1053/smrv.2002.0186 · Cited by 3,743
(1993) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,324
Risk Factors for Depression Among Elderly Community Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Cole, M. G., & Dendukuri, N. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.6.1147 · Cited by 1,368
Psychological and behavioral treatment of insomnia: update of the recent evidence (1998-2004)
Morin, C. M., Bootzin, R. R., Buysse, D. J., Edinger, J. D., Espie, C. A., & Lichstein, K. L. (2006) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/29.11.1398 · Cited by 1,345
Self-citationMORIN, C., LEBLANC, M., DALEY, M., GREGOIRE, J., & MERETTE, C. (2006) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2005.08.008 · Cited by 1,191
Behavioral activation treatments of depression: a meta-analysis.
Cuijpers, P., van Straten, A., & Warmerdam, L. (2007) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2006.11.001 · Cited by 1,144
Nonpharmacological interventions for insomnia: a meta-analysis of treatment efficacy
(1994) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.151.8.1172 · Cited by 1,098
Behavioral and Pharmacological Therapies for Late-Life Insomnia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Morin, C. M., Colecchi, C., Stone, J., Sood, R., & Brink, D. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.281.11.991 · Cited by 1,095
Bower, P., & Gilbody, S. (2005) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.186.1.11 · Cited by 1,084 · cited 1×
“There are relatively few suggestions have been made about how numbers of behavioral sleep medicine specialists might be increased.39 However, the Table 1—Assumptions Underpinning the Stepped Care Model [adapted from Bower & Gilbody, 2005] 25 Minimal interventions can provide healthcare resource 3.”
Background
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- 1995, Identifying Effective Psychological Treatments for Insomnia - A Metaanalysis, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63, 79, 10.1037/0022-006X.63.1.79 · DOI · Paper page
- 1992, A manual for assessing health practices and designing practice policies: the explicit approach
- Department of Health, 2007, Commissioning a Brighter Future: Improving access to Psychological Therapies. Positive Practice Guide
- National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE), 2004, Guidance on the use of zaleplon, zolpidem and zopiclone for short-term management of insomnia, 27
- 2008, Self-help therapies for insomnia, 215
- 2007, The competencies required to deliver effective cognitive and behavioural therapy for people with depression and with anxiety disorders
- 2005, Manualised CBT for insomnia delivered by nurse practitioners: results from studies conducted in primary care and in oncology, Sleep Med, 6, S29
- 2008, Behavioral treatment of insomnia, 71
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 421
Schmid, D. S., Duss, S. B., Hertenstein, E., Nissen, C., Schneider, C., Urech, A., Vorster, A. P. A., & Berger, T. (2023) · Clinical and Translational Neuroscience · doi:10.3390/ctn7030027 · Cited by 3
Gordon, C. J., Cheung, J. M. Y., Schrire, Z. M., Rahimi, M. M., Aji, M., Salomon, H., Doggett, I., Glozier, N., WONG, K. K. H., Marshall, N. S., et al. (2024) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.14401 · Cited by 3
“However, CBTi requires specialised health-care professionals (HCPs), usually psychologists with sleep disorder training, limiting access in primary care, despite stepped care to diversify specialisation and increase patient reach (Espie, 2009).”
Quartly-Scott, G. I., Miller, C. B., & Hawes, D. J. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.8132 · Cited by 5
“6,9,14 15 – 18 Moreover, CBT-I involves signi fi cant moti-vationaldemandsthatmayactasabarriertotreatment 6 andthere appear to be insuf fi cient therapists equipped to meet the need for this individual therapy at the population level.”
Clinical practice guidelines for insomnia disorder
Malan, L., & Dlamini, N. (2017) · South African Family Practice · doi:10.4102/safp.v59i3.4691 · Cited by 3
Malhotra, V., Harnett, J., WONG, K. K. H., & Saini, B. (2020) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2020.1751164 · Cited by 3
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia : How, for Whom and What about Acceptance?
Bothelius, K. (2015) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) · Cited by 2
Understanding eCBT-I – Knowing is half the battle
Ong, J. C., & Crawford, M. (2016) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2016.01.005 · Cited by 3
A Step in the Right Direction: Moving Toward Increased Access to Insomnia Care
Bramoweth, A. D. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.6432 · Cited by 3
“Computerized treatments fit well into a stepped care model 13 but as with many adapted treatments, especially those rooted in technology, they may not be appropriate nor desired by all patients.”
CBT‐I Protocols for Insomnia Co‐morbid with Somatic Disorders
Bjorvatn, B. (2022) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119891192.ch14 · Cited by 2
Dhaliwal, S. S., & Gehrman, P. (2023) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsad192 · Cited by 3
Dyrberg, H., Kristiansen, S. T., Speed, M. S., Møller, D. S., & Kragh, M. (2025) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039488.2025.2571217 · Cited by 2
“Digital CBT-I and sleep apps are cost-effective and yield positive results [42], and could be integrated into a stepped-care approach [43].”
Hasan, F., Gordon, C. J., Yuliana, L. T., Romadlon, D. S., & Chiu, H. (2025) · Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing · doi:10.1111/wvn.70075 · Cited by 3
Boinon, D., Charles, C., Fasse, L., Journiac, J., Pallubicki, G., Guerdoux, E., Ninot, G., Couillet, A., Provost, J.-B. L., Savard, J., et al. (2022) · Psycho-Oncologie · doi:10.3166/pson-2022-0179 · Cited by 2
Ownby, R. L., Thomas-Purcell, K. B., Purcell, D. J., Caballero, J., Tewary, S., Davenport, R., & Simonson, M. (2024) · Journal of Psychiatry Research Reviews & Reports · doi:10.47363/jpsrr/2024(6)163 · Cited by 2
Katmeh, T., Gardner, D. M., Kiepek, N. C., Macdonald, M., & Murphy, A. L. (2024) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.14282 · Cited by 2
Seeking professional help for sleep-related complaints
Rauch, L., Schneider, T., & Wendt, C. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1430574 · Cited by 5
Verhaltenstherapeutische Behandlung von Insomnie im Alter – wann und wie behandeln?
Richter, K., Miloseva, L., Köck, M., Hillemacher, T., & Weeß, H.-G. (2018) · Somnologie - Schlafforschung und Schlafmedizin · doi:10.1007/s11818-018-0187-z · Cited by 2
“EspieCA(2009) ,Steppedcare‘:ahealthtechnology solution for delivering cognitive behavioral therapy as a first line insomnia treatment.”
BackgroundPrävention chronischer Insomnien
Wetter, T. C., Klösch, G., & Crönlein, T. (2015) · Somnologie - Schlafforschung und Schlafmedizin · doi:10.1007/s11818-015-0002-z · Cited by 2
Resilience and Readiness through Restorative Sleep
Germain, A. (2015) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.4388 · Cited by 4
Advances in the Management of Primary and Secondary Insomnia
McCall, W. V. (2014) · doi:10.2217/9781780844800 · Cited by 2
Mujer y cuidados: retos en salud
Roche, F. P., & Martínez, M. P. A. (2014) · doi:10.6018/editum.2756 · Cited by 2
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Insomnia in Co-morbid Psychiatric Disorders
O'Regan, D. J. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-54836-9_9 · Cited by 2
Using Behavioral Therapies in Primary Care
Bishop, T. M., & Pigeon, W. R. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-1185-1_8 · Cited by 2
Boinon, D., Journiac, J., Charles, C., Fasse, L., Savard, J., & Dauchy, S. (2018) · Psycho-Oncologie · doi:10.3166/pson-2018-0037 · Cited by 2
Sleep and Sleep–Wake Disorders
Buysse, D. J., Soehner, A. M., Abbott, S. M., Kapur, V. K., Mahowald, M. W., Parker, K. P., Honeycutt, E. F., Redline, S. S., Schenck, C. H., & Zee, P. C. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118753378.ch66 · Cited by 2
The options available in cognitive behavioral therapy to prevent chronification of insomnia
Crönlein, T., & Zulley, J. (2011) · The EPMA Journal · doi:10.1007/s13167-011-0095-9 · Cited by 2
“Espie [58] proposed a step-by-step therapy for insomniacs.”
BackgroundCognitive–behavioral therapy for insomnia
Leggett, M. K. (2014) · doi:10.2217/fmeb2013.13.162 · Cited by 2
Using Insomnia as a Model for Optimizing Internet-Delivered Psychotherapy
Rumble, M. E., & Plante, D. T. (2019) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.19020128 · Cited by 2
Introduction to Insomnia Disorder
Riemann, D. W., Spiegelhalder, K., Espie, C. A., Gavriloff, D., Frase, L., & Baglioni, C. (2022) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119891192.ch1 · Cited by 2
What if listening to sound is good for your sleep?
Gordon, C. J., & Marshall, N. S. (2023) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsad084 · Cited by 2
“It has been over a decade since Espie first proposed the stepped care model for delivering cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) here at SLEEP with the foundational step involving self-administered therapy [1].”
BackgroundMcQuillan, M. E., Chernyak, Y., & Honaker, S. M. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-83469-2_17 · Cited by 1
Die Wirksamkeit einer videogestützten psychoedukativen Selbsthilfe zur Behandlung der Insomnie
Weeß, H. G., Pfeiffer, S., & In‐Albon, T. (2022) · Somnologie - Schlafforschung und Schlafmedizin · doi:10.1007/s11818-022-00393-1 · Cited by 1
“Mit computerbasierter KVT-I und SelbsthilfeKVT-I-Angeboten in Form von Onlineprogrammen, Selbsthilfebüchern oder Videos kann die mangelnde Versorgung in einem ersten Schritt für zumindest leichte Insomnien angegangen werden [6, 26].”
BackgroundGlobal trend of nondrug and nonsedativehypnotic treatment forinsomnia: a bibliometric study.
Lei, H., Xu, G., Zepeng, W., Ling, Z., & Fan-rong, L. (2024) · PubMed Central · doi:10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20240408.002 · Cited by 1
Campbell, R. L., & Bridges, A. J. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13185629 · Cited by 1
“Here, a stepped-care approach may be most effective [42].”
BackgroundSagaspe, P., Sánchez-Ortuño, M. M., Dupuy, L., Pécune, F., Coelho, J., Micoulaud‐Franchi, J., Levavasseur, Y., de Sevin, É., Chanteclair, A., Philip, P., et al. (2024) · Innovation in Aging · doi:10.1093/geroni/igae086 · Cited by 1
“Rapid advances in telecommunication and mobile technologies worldwide have created new opportunities in delivering healthcare services, providing ubiquitous low-cost access to many specialized behavioral interventions such as CBT-I (Drerup & Ahmed-Jauregui, 2019).”
InfluentialDuration of insomnia and success expectancy predict treatment outcome of iCBT for insomnia
Pchelina, P. V., & Poluektov, M. G. (2024) · Frontiers in Sleep · doi:10.3389/frsle.2024.1415077 · Cited by 1
“…treatment (manualized CBT-I delivered by a trained general practitioner or an iCBT-I application and program) or to a more individually tailored therapy delivered by a sleep medicine expert according to a stepped-care approach to insomnia medical care (Baglioni et al., 2020; Espie, 2009).”
Li, G., Li, M., Xu, X., Zhang, J., Li, Q., & Cai, Q. (2025) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152609 · Cited by 1
CBT-I can be delivered by a range of healthcare providers
Goldschmied, J., & Gehrman, P. (2025) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsaf173 · Cited by 1
Davidson, J. R., Gardner, D. M., Fretz, K. M., Lynch, S., Watson, S., Desmarais, E., Sloan, E. P., & Leung, C. (2025) · Translational Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/tbm/ibaf032 · Cited by 1
Sleep health in the primary care setting
Vargas, I., Walker, J. L., Egeler, M. E., Vance, A., Boyle, J. T., & Muench, A. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-13954-3.00056-5 · Cited by 1
Smith, M. L., Oldenhof, E., Byrne, J. E. M., McNeill, I. M., Sweetman, A., & Staiger, P. K. (2026) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2026.102269 · Cited by 1
Wang, J., Wang, X., Xu, X., Sang, Z., Llopis, C., Venture, C. S., Zaslawski, C., Skopalik, C., Zhang, C., Li, H., et al. (2026) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2026.102292 · Cited by 1
Innovative Approaches to Advancing Equitable Access to Insomnia Interventions
Oliver, S., Dombek, K., Milner, A. E., & Harvey, A. G. (2026) · Current Sleep Medicine Reports · doi:10.1007/s40675-026-00385-9 · Cited by 1
McQueen, R., & O’Shanick, G. J. (2014) · Neurorehabilitation · doi:10.3233/nre-141070 · Cited by 1
“A multidimensional approach to sleep management involving cognitive behavioral therapy, sleep hygiene education and the prudent utilization of medications or supplements facilitates optimal stability (Espie, 2009).”
BackgroundPsychologische Behandlung bei Schlafstörungen
Hirscher, V., Baglioni, C., Unbehaun, T., Spiegelhalder, K., Nissen, C., & Riemann, D. W. (2012) · Verhaltenstherapie · doi:10.1159/000345355 · Cited by 1
No Need to Count Sheep: Investigating an Online Insomnia Intervention among Older Adults
Johanson, K. A., Bohlen, A. J., & Feliciano, L. (2018) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2018.01.189 · Cited by 1
“…SCT meets the qualifications for evidence-based treatment; thus, SCT has been a recommended standard treatment for insomnia for the past 20 years by both the AASM and the American College of Physicians (Espie, 2009; Morgenthaler et al., 2006; Qaseem, Kansagara, Forciea, Cooke, & Denberg, 2016).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialImproving Sleep Quality Through Integrated Care
Renqvist, J. G., & Bramoweth, A. D. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-93003-9_13 · Cited by 1
Sleep clinic service model with closed-loop management for insomnia
Liang, S., Greenshaw, A. J., Li, T., & Mao, H. (2022) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103158 · Cited by 1
Merz, E. L., & Gholizadeh, S. (2022) · FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.focus.20220044 · Cited by 1
The Future of Sleep Medicine: A Patient-Centered Model of Care
Fields, B. G., & Rosen, I. M. (2022) · Respiratory medicine · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-93739-3_4 · Cited by 1
O’Connell, M., Feder, S. L., Nwanaji-Enwerem, U., & Redeker, N. S. (2023) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/nnr.0000000000000706 · Cited by 1
“Another possibility is implementing a stepped care delivery model, as proposed by Espie (2009), whereby participants receive one of five levels of CBT-I started with the least intensive and increased in “ steps ” based on need when first level of care is insufficient.”
MethodMoghadam, S., Husted, M., Aznar, A., & Gray, D. (2024) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/51322 · Cited by 1
Das Stepped-Care-Modell für Insomnie im Kindes- und Jugendalter in Deutschland
Schlarb, A. A., Schneider, B., & Quante, M. (2025) · Somnologie - Schlafforschung und Schlafmedizin · doi:10.1007/s11818-025-00499-2 · Cited by 1
“DasvonEspie[8]undEspie et al. [9] vorgeschlagene Stufenmodell für die Behandlung von Insomnien wurde für diepraktischeOrientierungentwickeltund durch Baglioni und Kolleg*innen erweitert [2].”
Sánchez-Ortuño, M. M., & Edinger, J. D. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2089-1_60 · Cited by 1
Dialectical behavior therapy stepped care for hospitals
Babeva, K. N., Fitzpatrick, O. M., & Asarnow, J. R. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816384-9.00013-0 · Cited by 1
Berger, A. M., Miller, J. N., & Shade, M. Y. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-24814-1_12 · Cited by 1
Wichniak, A., Gustavsson, K., Wierzbicka, A., & Jernajczyk, W. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.11322-4 · Cited by 1
Savard, J. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813014-8.00008-1 · Cited by 1
Ferreira-Souza, L. F., Coelho-Oliveira, A. C., Julianelli-Peçanha, M., Melo-Oliveira, M. E. S., Moura-Fernandes, M. C., Paineiras-Domingos, L. L., de Sá-Caputo, D. D. C., & Bernardo-Filho, M. (2021) · Preventive Medicine and Community Health · doi:10.15761/pmch.1000156 · Cited by 1
Daytime functioning and quality of life in chronic insomnia: a multi-method, multi-level approach
Kyle, S. D. (2010) · Enlighten: Theses (The University of Glasgow) · Cited by 1
Cognitive-Behavioral Self-Help Treatment for Nightmares and Insomnia
Lancee, J. (2011) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) · Cited by 1
Future directions in insomnia diagnosis and treatment
Baglioni, C., Spiegelhalder, K., Nissen, C., & Riemann, D. W. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822963-7.00026-8 · Cited by 1
Luik, A. I., & Espie, C. A. (2022) · doi:10.1002/9781119891192.ch23 · Cited by 1
CBT‐I Strategies for General Practitioners (GPs)
Bjorvatn, B. (2022) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119891192.ch20 · Cited by 1
Hartley, S., Dagneaux, S., Brion, A., & Launois, S. H. (2025) · Médecine du Sommeil · doi:10.1016/j.msom.2025.06.001 · Cited by 1
Standardprozeduren für Erwachsene in akkreditierten Schlafmedizinischen Zentren in Europa
Fischer, J., & Brenner, S. (2013) · Somnologie - Schlafforschung Und Schlafmedizin · doi:10.1007/s11818-013-0640-y
The why, when and where of selective attention to sleep in psychophysiological insomnia
Woods, H. C. (2012) · Enlighten: Theses (The University of Glasgow)
Stepped-Care Research in Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy
L’Abate, L. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-4451-0_5
Prediktion av utfall utifrån terapeutskattningar tidigt i internetförmedlad KBT mot insomni
von Plauen, R. (2015) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)
TheMedicalization of Sleeplessness: APublic HealthConcern
Moloney, M., & Zimmer, C. (2011)
Evolution of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Insomnia: A Model of Components and Related Mechanisms
Sarfo, J. O. (2014) · European Journal of Psychological Studies · doi:10.13187/ejps.2014.2.67
Maier, D., & Savelle, J. (2016) · Journal of Sleep Disorders & Therapy · doi:10.4172/2167-0277.1000241
“Given these daunting considerations, it has been suggested that a stepped-care approach is required [22,23]; the first step of which might be a brief self-administered intervention.”
BackgroundMcGrath, R. E., & O’Donohue, W. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-19036-5_6
kazamia, N. (2015) · Queen Margaret University Publications Repository (Queen Margaret University)
Clinical Efficacy of Incomplete Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Insomnia
Choi, S. J., Joo, E. Y., & Hong, S. B. (2014) · Journal of the Korean Neurological Association
Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of A One-day CBT For Insomnia Workshop
Steele, A., Lynch, S., & Brown, J. S. L. (2015) · Journal of Sleep And Sleep Disorder Research · doi:10.14302/issn.2574-4518.jsdr-14-592
Behavioral Treatment of Insomnia
Sánchez-Ortuño, M. M., & Edinger, J. D. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-378610-4.00198-4
Pre-Sleep Routines in Adult Normal Sleepers
Koketsu, J. (2018)
Crönlein, T., & Cohrs, S. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-3-437-21321-2.00016-8
Kanady, J. C., Luik, A. I., & Espie, C. A. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822963-7.00027-x
Insomnia Symptoms in Chronic Pain : Clinical presentation, risk and treatment
Wiklund, T. (2021) · Linköping University medical dissertations · doi:10.3384/diss.diva-175373
Davidson, R. D., & Zhou, E. S. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-75377-1_11
Cognitive behaviour therapy for insomnia works. It's time to make it accessible
Cunnington, D. (2021) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101586
Waking up to the importance of sleep
Hulst, R. Y. (2022) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) · doi:10.33540/1133
Howell, D. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-31738-0_20-1
Howell, D. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-31738-0_20-2
Howell, D. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-77740-5_20
Speck, L., Brace, N., & Byrne, M. (2020) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119071006.ch6
Savard, M., & Savard, J. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-77432-9_13
CBT‐I Applied to Acute Insomnia
Ellis, J. G., Alfonso‐Miller, P., & Elder, G. J. (2022) · doi:10.1002/9781119891192.ch21
Addressing Insomnia Using Group CBT‐I
Spiegelhalder, K. (2022) · doi:10.1002/9781119891192.ch22
Preferences for sleep tip information
Torsein, A. S. (2022) · doi:10.32920/ryerson.14668446
Preferences for sleep tip information
Torsein, A. S. (2022) · doi:10.32920/ryerson.14668446.v1
Sleep disturbance in a medium-secure forensic psychiatric unit: A pilot study
Judge, J., Pasupeti, P., Black, L., & Lenihan, F. (2012) · Clinical Psychology Forum · doi:10.53841/bpscpf.2012.1.235.32
Spiegelhalder, K., Ebert, D. D., & Lehr, D. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-65816-1_8
Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie als Behandlung der Insomnie in der Peri- und Postmenopause
Lozza-Fiacco, S., Urech, A., Vorster, A. P. A., & Rudzik, F. (2023) · Journal für Gynäkologische Endokrinologie/Schweiz · doi:10.1007/s41975-023-00317-8
Winter, S. (2023) · Australian Psychologist · doi:10.1080/00050067.2023.2279121
“…in our service will be developed, refined and adapted to our context via consultation and stakeholder feedback as described above for “Direct to Psychology”, with our initial imagining of the stepped care model informed by the existing Stepped Care CBTi model utilised in the NHS (Espie, 2009).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialEvaluation of a Two-Tiered Coaching Programme for Parents of Young Autistic Children
van Noorden, L. E. (2024) · Open Access Victoria University of Wellington | Te Herenga Waka (Figshare) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.25303966 · Cited by 1
Brief Behavioral Interventions for Insomnia
Okun, M. L., & Glidewell, R. N. (2024) · Current Sleep Medicine Reports · doi:10.1007/s40675-024-00309-5
“The full CBTI treatment protocol involves [5, 6] 6–8 individual sessions delivered by a trained psychologist, imparting a time burden and a dissemination concern.”
Direct to Psychology Stepped Care Model in the Multidisciplinary Sleep Service: Study protocolPreprint
Winter, S., Crocker, S., Rolls, T., Curtin, D., Haratsis, J. M., Rautenberg, T. A., & Szollosi, I. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4667738/v1
Metadata
- Authors
- Espie, C. A.
- Affiliations
- Southern General Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Espie, Colin A.
- ORCID
- Espie, Colin A.
- Venue
- SLEEP
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2009-12
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1549-1558
- ISSN
- 0161-8105 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-9109
- PMC
- PMC2786038
- OpenAlex
- W1215988363
- Cited by
- 422
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 2.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- SLEEP (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Cancer Research UK
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- stepped care, cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia, insomnia treatment, service delivery models, manualized intervention, referral, scalability, clinical governance, cost-effectiveness
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Patient Care Management, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Biomedical Technology
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
