Reforestation of a Salvage-Logged High-Elevation Clearcut: Engelmann Spruce Seedling Response to Tree Shelters after 11 Growing Seasons
Abstract
High-elevation clearcut sites in the southern Rocky Mountains are difficult to reforest successfully and many sites remain poorly stocked decades after harvest. This article presents results after 11 growing seasons of a project designed to examine use of tree shelters to provide initial shade for planted Engelmann spruce (Picea englemannii Parry ex Engelm.) seedlings. Seedlings were planted in 1996 on a 48-ha site at an elevation of approximately 3,273 m in southwestern Colorado, with different shelter colors providing various shading levels. A control, consisting of shading using debris within the site, was also included. Results after 2 years were presented previously. To examine seedling response to tree shelter removal after seedling establishment, half of shelters were removed in 2000 and seedlings were reassessed in 2007. Control seedlings had lower survival (35%) than any other treatment (ranging from 59 to 78%). Shelter removal in the lightest two shelter color treatments did not reduce survival, suggesting that seedlings can grow in full sun after 4 years of shading. The best overall seedling development (i.e., survival, absolute height, and root collar diameter) occurred in the lightest shelter color with shelters removed. Tree shelters offer a viable means to restore high-elevation spruce-fir sites where past reforestation has proven difficult.
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The shelter benefit after 8 years supports past studies showing sustained improvement of seedling performance even several years after shelter removal.
“Although tree shelters had been removed 1½ years after planting, there was still a benefit on survival and growth after 8 years (38% survival for seedlings without shelters and 50% survival with shelters), which supports past studies showing sustained improvement of seedling performance even several years after shelter removal (Jacobs 2011).”
From Plantation performance of chestnut hybrids and progenitors on reclaimed Appalachian surface mines (2018) · cites this paper as Jacobs 2011
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Hill, E. M., & Ex, S. A. (2020) · Forest Ecology and Management · doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118037 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Should we use meshes or solid tube shelters when planting in Mediterranean semiarid environments?
Oliet, J. A., Blasco, R., Valenzuela, P., et al. (2018) · New Forests · doi:10.1007/s11056-018-9659-z · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“…numerous studies from 57 different geographical areas analyzing the response of planted seedlings to the use of 58 solid tube shelters in relation to the micro-environmental conditions inside (Del Campo 59 et al. 2006; Jacobs 2011; Close et al. 2009; Bellot et al. 2002; Bergez and Dupraz, 60 2000).”
BackgroundMariotti, B., Maltoni, A., Jacobs, D. F., et al. (2015) · European Journal of Forest Research · doi:10.1007/s10342-015-0878-y · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“3 ANOVA test and Tukey's post hoc results of the dry weight (g) of the above-and below-ground variables, ±SD is reported in brackets Eur J Forest Res (2015) 134:641–652 647 (1991), Oliet et al. (2005) and Jacobs (2011).”
MethodSelf-citationMechergui, T., Pardos, M., Boussaidi, N., Hasnaoui, B., & Jacobs, D. F. (2013) · Journal of Forestry Research · doi:10.1007/s11676-013-0345-x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationPlantation performance of chestnut hybrids and progenitors on reclaimed Appalachian surface mines
Skousen, J. G., Dallaire, K., Scagline-Mellor, S., Monteleone, A., Wilson-Kokes, L., Joyce, J., Thomas, C., Keene, T., DeLong, C., Cook, T., et al. (2018) · New Forests · doi:10.1007/s11056-018-9643-7 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“…after planting, there was still a benefit on survival and growth after 8 years (38% survival for seedlings without shelters and 50% survival with shelters), which supports past studies showing sustained improvement of seedling performance even several years after shelter removal (Jacobs 2011).”
ResultSelf-citationEvaluating the Use of Tree Shelters for Direct Seeding of Castanea on a Surface Mine in Appalachia
Barton, C., Miller, J., Sena, K., Angel, P., & French, M. (2015) · Forests · doi:10.3390/f6103514 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“…researchers working with Engelmann spruce ( Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) found that tree sheltering significantly improved survival (59%–78% in shelter treatments compared to 35% in unsheltered treatments), which they attributed to reduced herbivory as well as improved microclimate [30].”
Mechergui, T., Pardos, M., & Jacobs, D. F. (2018) · Journal of Forestry Research · doi:10.1007/s11676-018-0606-9 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“This suggests that shelters can be used at least twice because they are constructed to withstand at least 5 years in full light (Potter 1991; Jacobs 2011), which reduces the cost of their use in plantations.”
BackgroundSelf-citationThyroff, E. C., Burney, O. T., Oliet, J. A., et al. (2022) · Land · doi:10.3390/land11070966 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationSena, K. L., Angel, H. Z., & Barton, C. D. (2014) · Journal American Society of Mining and Reclamation · doi:10.21000/jasmr14020041 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Oliet, J. A., Planelles, R., Artero, F., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Forests and Global Change · doi:10.3389/ffgc.2022.1092703 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“The period to convergence is species and site specific, with trees requiring a long period to converge on sites as per our study where plants grow slowly (Potter, 1991; Barberá et al., 2005; Jacobs, 2011; Mechergui et al., 2019).”
BackgroundSelf-citationTree shelters: A promising tool for environmental and livestock management
Mechergui, T., & Pardos, M. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822976-7.00025-9 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Caselli, M., Urretavizcaya, M. F., Loguercio, G. A., et al. (2022) · New Forests · doi:10.1007/s11056-022-09912-2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“2020) and conifer species (Ward et al. 2000; Jacobs 2011), which had shown a pronounced positive impact on height with the use of tree shelters.”
BackgroundInfluential
- Authors
- Jacobs, D. F.
- Affiliations
- Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
- Corresponding author
- Jacobs, Douglass F.
- ORCID
- Jacobs, Douglass F.
- Venue
- Western Journal of Applied Forestry
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2011-04-01
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 53-56
- ISSN
- 0885-6095 (ISSN-L)
- 1938-3770
- OpenAlex
- W2969451369
- Cited by
- 13
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 0.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Western Journal of Applied Forestry (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Seedling growth and survival studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Forest ecology and management
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Tree Root and Stability Studies
- Keywords
- reforestation, tree shelters, Picea engelmannii, seedling survival, salvage logging, spruce-fir forests, seedling growth, Southern Rocky Mountains
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