The Estrous Cycle of the Ewe Is Resistant to Disruption by Repeated, Acute Psychosocial Stress1
Open accessAbstract
Five experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that psychosocial stress interferes with the estrous cycle of sheep. In experiment 1, ewes were repeatedly isolated during the follicular phase. Timing, amplitude, and duration of the preovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surge were not affected. In experiment 2, follicular-phase ewes were subjected twice to a "layered stress" paradigm consisting of sequential, hourly application of isolation, restraint, blindfold, and predator cues. This reduced the LH pulse amplitude but did not affect the LH surge. In experiment 3, different acute stressors were given sequentially within the follicular phase: food denial plus unfamiliar noises and forced exercise, layered stress, exercise around midnight, and transportation. This, too, did not affect the LH surge. In experiment 4, variable acute psychosocial stress was given every 1-2 days for two entire estrous cycles; this did not disrupt any parameter of the cycle monitored. Lastly, experiment 5 examined whether the psychosocial stress paradigms of experiment 4 would disrupt the cycle and estrous behavior if sheep were metabolically stressed by chronic food restriction. Thirty percent of the food-restricted ewes exhibited deterioration of estrous cycle parameters followed by cessation of cycles and failure to express estrous behavior. However, disruption was not more evident in ewes that also encountered psychosocial stress. Collectively, these findings indicate the estrous cycle of sheep is remarkably resistant to disruption by acute bouts of psychosocial stress applied intermittently during either a single follicular phase or repeatedly over two estrous cycles.
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If stress exposure occurs too close to the proestrus stage, resilience molecular mechanisms ensure the GnRH/LH surge continues as normal and triggers ovulation.
“While our model suggests that the GnRH/LH surge should be delayed under frequent exposure to stressors, if the exposure occurs too close to the proestrus stage then these resilience molecular mechanisms ensure the surge continues as normal and triggers ovulation (Wagenmaker et al., 2010; Wagenmaker and Moenter, 2017).”
From Dynamic Hormone Control of Stress and Fertility (2020) · cites this paper as Wagenmaker et al., 2010
The Discussion (page not provided) reports that repeated acute psychosocial stress did not alter the preovulatory LH surge in ewes. It does not establish that this resistance depends on stress occurring close to proestrus or identify molecular resilience mechanisms; it also says ovulation was not monitored. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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“While our model suggests that the 224 GnRH/LH surge should be delayed under frequent exposure to stressors, if the exposure occurs too close to 225 the proestrus stage then these resilience molecular mechanisms ensure the surge continues as normal and 226 triggers ovulation [35, 36].”
BackgroundMethod
- Authors
- Wagenmaker, E. R., Breen, K. M., Oakley, A. E., Tilbrook, A. J., & Karsch, F. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Monash University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Karsch, Fred J.
- Venue
- Biology of Reproduction
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2010-06-01
- Volume
- 82
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1206-1215
- ISSN
- 0006-3363 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-7268
- PMC
- PMC2874503
- OpenAlex
- W2120990509
- Cited by
- 15
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 2.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Biology of Reproduction (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- BioOne Complete (BioOne) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD030773, F32HD051360, HD051360, K99HD060947, HD-30773)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Reproductive Physiology in Livestock
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Biology and Fertility
- Keywords
- estrous cycle, ewes, psychosocial stress, acute stress, luteinizing hormone surge, follicular phase, dietary restriction, metabolic stress, estrous behavior, isolation stress, predator cues, sheep reproduction
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Blindness, Female, Follicular Phase, Luteinizing Hormone, Progesterone, Restraint, Physical, Sheep, Social Isolation, Stress, Psychological, Estrous Cycle
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